Shoulder injuries are among the most frequent musculoskeletal issues, often resulting from sports, accidents, or everyday activities. As a complex joint with a wide range of motion, the shoulder is particularly susceptible to various injuries. Here are some of the most common shoulder injuries:

1. Rotator Cuff Tears

The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint and enable arm movement. Tears in the rotator cuff can occur due to acute injury or degenerative changes over time. Symptoms often include pain, weakness, and limited range of motion.

2. Shoulder Impingement

This occurs when the shoulder muscles and tendons become pinched during arm movements. Impingement can lead to pain, inflammation, and reduced mobility. It is often caused by repetitive overhead activities or poor posture.

3. Shoulder Dislocation

A dislocation happens when the upper arm bone (humerus) pops out of the shoulder socket. This injury can be extremely painful and may cause swelling, bruising, and an inability to move the shoulder. Dislocations are often the result of trauma or falls.

4. Labral Tears

The labrum is a ring of cartilage that surrounds the shoulder socket, providing stability and cushioning. Tears in the labrum can occur due to acute injuries or repetitive stress. Symptoms may include pain, clicking, or a feeling of instability in the shoulder.

5. Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)

A frozen shoulder is characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint. It develops gradually and can significantly limit the range of motion. The exact cause is not well understood, but it is often associated with periods of immobility following an injury or surgery.

6. Shoulder Arthritis

Arthritis in the shoulder can cause pain, swelling, and stiffness. Osteoarthritis is the most common type, resulting from the wear and tear of the cartilage. Rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune condition, can also affect the shoulder joint.

7. Bursitis

Bursitis is the inflammation of the bursa, a small fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between tissues in the shoulder. This condition can cause pain and swelling, particularly when moving the shoulder. It is often associated with repetitive motions or pressure on the shoulder.

8. Fractures

Fractures of the clavicle (collarbone), scapula (shoulder blade), or humerus can result from falls, direct blows, or accidents. Fractures are typically accompanied by severe pain, swelling, and an inability to move the shoulder.

Prevention and Treatment:

• Preventive Measures: Regular exercise, proper warm-up before activities, and maintaining good posture can help prevent shoulder injuries.
• Conservative Treatments: Rest, physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, and corticosteroid injections can effectively manage many shoulder injuries.
• Surgical Interventions: In cases of severe injuries or when conservative treatments fail, surgical options such as arthroscopy, rotator cuff repair, or shoulder replacement may be necessary.

As an orthopaedic surgeon, I am committed to providing comprehensive care for shoulder injuries. If you are experiencing shoulder pain or discomfort, I encourage you to schedule a consultation. Together, we can develop a personalized treatment plan to restore your shoulder function and improve your quality of life.

Dr. Priyadarshi Amit, MBBS, MS, DNB, MRCSEd, MCh, FRCS Orthopedic Surgeon