Lactulose is used to treat hepatic encephalopathy, a serious liver condition where toxins build up in the bloodstream, as well as to manage constipation. It is a non-absorbable sugar or prebiotic carbohydrate produced through the isomerization of lactose. This process stimulates the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, which helps improve gut health. Additionally, lactulose can aid in maintaining stable insulin and blood glucose levels.