Loaded words are those which elicit or enhance positive or negative emotional reactions.

You can use adjectives for this purpose: “The drastic reduction …” vs. “The planned reduction …”

Or proper nouns: “The Trump wall …” vs. “The wall approved by Congress in 2006 …”

Or non-proper nouns: “The demonization of XYZ …” vs. “The criticism of XYZ …”

Or verbs: “Her benefits were slashed …” vs. “Her benefits were reduced …”

Or adverbs: “The horribly executed mission …” vs. “The ineffectively executed mission …”

Look through political speeches and political activist statements and you will find ample examples, though loaded words are certainly not limited to those contexts.

Loaded words serve as a psychological sleight of hand to block our minds from clear thinking by clouding them with emotions that are often unjustified by the subject. (Do you notice how I slipped in some phrasing there that can trigger emotions pro or con?)

So let me rephrase that previous paragraph. Loaded words prompt an emotional response which may or may not be consciously or unconsciously sought by the speaker or writer. Audiences can benefit by being aware of this aspect of human communication.