Hello, Elijah Stewart and thanks for the answer request. I should note that my answer will be focused on modern Paganism rather than pre-Christian pagan cultures and religions as practiced back then. I suspect the answers would be the same for the latter, but don’t have the academic background to say so with any authority.

Do pagans believe gods exist?

Generally speaking, yes. There are some exceptions however, as Pagans tend to focus on ritual observance than doctrinal beliefs.

If so, do you believe multiple pantheons exist?

In my experience, most Pagans believe that multiple pantheons. I certainly do. One of the advantages of polytheism is that while you might believe in a multitude of deities, you don’t necessarily have to worship all of them. This is how my husband can work with Thoth while I choose to focus on Freyja instead, yet we are able to avoid turning our home or temple room into a war zone.

The other thing that I will note is that in my opinion, “pantheons” are mostly a cultural construct. They’re the result of a bunch of cults to different gods existing in close proximity and their various members intermingling. In this sense the “Greek pantheon” is simply a collection of the various deities that the various people living in Greece (or more properly, the Greek city-states) worshiped. Eventually, people started trying to figure out how these various deities related to each other, and the myths explaining those relationships emerged.

I think that as the modern Pagan movement gains traction and maturity, we might see new pantheons emerge. That is, rather than merely talking about what culture a given deity originated, we will start inventing new stories to explain their relationships to the various other deities they find themselves co-existing with today.