Here i can tell you the concept of gout,what it is ? how it occurs ? and what are the symptoms of the condition gout ? please read carefully if you want to understand everything about the gout .
What is gout ?
Gout is the phenomena just like, suppose you add a lot of salt in the glass of water than after sometimes sufficient amount of salt is added and no more salt is possible to add in water.
These condition is called saturation and after that the salt start to crystallize in the form of solid.
The same is happen in the gout , the Uric is crystallizes in between the joint and severe pain
start after crystallizes.
So, the gout is the crystals of Monosodium Urate crystals deposited in the joints.
These crystals forms the sharp needle like structure in the joint and the area where the blood flow is low and severe gouty attack appears,if the severe gouty attacks appears after several time intervals than that condition is called arthritis.
How these monosodium urate crystals are forms?
We already knows that there are many components in the nucleic acid,one of them is purine
The purine (Adenine and Guanine) is key molecule of RNA and DNA.
Purine is generally converted into uric acid after the metabolism which is excreted out in the urine.
Uric acid have generally the lower solubility in the body fluid.
Hyperuricemia is happens when the concentration of purine is greater then 6.8 mg/dl.
At the pH of 7.4 the uric acid losses its proton and urate ion is forms which bind to the sodium and forms monosodiun crystals.
Cause of formation of monosodium crystals -
1. Increased consumption of purines -
- Red meat
- Organ meat
- Shell fish
2. Increased production of purines -
- High fructose corn syrup beverages
3. Decreased clearance of uric acid -
- Dehydration -
- Alcoholic consumption
- Not drinking enough water
4. Obesity and Diabetes
5. Chemotherapy and Radiation
6. Chronic Kidney Diseases
7. Genetic Causes
8. Medications like aspirin
What are the causes of hyperuricemia ?
Mostly the hyperuricemia occurs due to following 2 reasons -
1. Damage to the kidney which lead to the decrease in the filtration of uric acid and its causes more and more uric acid accumulate to the blood and causes hyperuricemia.
2. Mutation in the membrane proteins that transport the uric acid (Urate 1) which reabsorbs the uric acid into the blood in required amount but after mutation its activity is increased and uric acid re-absorption is more in blood causes hyperuricemia.
What are the symptoms of gout ?
In gout there is increase in pain due to swelling and redness because of crystallization in the joints.
In acute condition it start from the great toe because there is lower temperature in the toe as comparison to the other parts because the process of crystallization is higher during the lower temperature.
In severe cases the crystallization is increases and deposited over the surfaces of joint and forms a special shape and these are called Tophi.
Treatment Of Gout -
The major aim for all the treatment procedure is to reduce the pain and process of formation of crystals .
There are many ways of treatment -
1. Decrease uric acid levels -
- By Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors
- Example - Allopurinol
The enzyme
Xanthine Oxidase convert purine into uric acid and the inhibition of these enzyme causes decrease in uric acid production.
2. Decrease pain and swelling -
- Corticosteroids
- Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs (ex.- Ibuprofen)
- Colchicine (it inhibits the migration of WBC)
3. Diet modification -
- Well hydrated body
- Avoid alcohol and red meat
4. Uricosuric medication -
- Increased excretion of uric acid by kidney
- Example - Probenecid
These are all about the gout .. So, if you like it and require more information regarding anything than please comment and ask anything.
thank you...