The "G" simply stands for "GENERATION". When you connects to the Internet, the speed of your Internet depends on the signal strength, which is displayed in alphabets like 2G, 3G, 4G, etc. right next to the signal bar on your home screen. Each generation is defined as a set of phone network standards that describe the technical implementation of a particular cell phone system. As the speed increases, the technology used to achieve that speed also changes. For example, 1G offers 2.4 kbit/s, 2G offers 64 kbit/s based on GSM, 3G offers 144 kbit/s to 2 mbit/s, and 4G offers 100 mbit/s to 1 gbit/s and is based on LTE technology.
1G - First Generation
This was the first generation of cellular technology. The first generation of commercial mobile networks was introduced in the late 1970s, with fully implemented standards established in the 1980s. It was launched by Telecom (now Telstra) in 1987. Australia received its first cellular cell phone network, which used an analog 1G system. 1G is analog technology, and the phones typically had poor battery life and high voice quality without much security, so dropped calls sometimes occurred. These are the telecommunications standards introduced in the 1980s and continued until 2G digital telecommunications replaced them. its maximum speed is 1G is 2.4 Kbps.
2G - Second Generation
Cell phones received their first major upgrade when they transitioned from 1G to 2G. The main difference between the two mobile systems (1G and 2G) is that the radio signals used by the 1G network are analog, while the 2G networks are digital. The concept of CDMA and GSM was implemented. Small data services such as SMS and MMS were offered. Second generation 2G mobile networks were commercially launched in Finland in 1991 by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa Oyj) based on the GSM standard. 2G capabilities are achieved by allowing multiple users on a single channel through multiplexing. With 2G, cell phones are used for data as well as voice. The technological advancement from 1G to 2G introduced many of the basic services we still use today, such as text messaging, internal roaming, conference calling, call holding, and billing for services, such as long distance charges and real-time billing. The maximum speed of 2G with General Packet Radio Service ( GPRS ) is 50 Kbps or 1 Mbps with Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution ( EDGE ). Before the big leap from 2G to 3G mobile networks, the lesser known 2.5G and 2.75G were intermediate standards that bridged the gap.
3G - Third Generation
This generation set the standards for most wireless technologies we have come to know and love. Web browsing, video, email, downloading, picture sharing, and other smartphone technologies were introduced with the third generation. The third generation of mobile communications, launched in 2001, was intended to provide greater voice and data capacity, support a wider range of applications, and improve data transmission at a lower cost.
The 3G standard uses UMTS's new technology as its core network architecture - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System. This network combines aspects of the 2G network with some new technologies and protocols to achieve significantly higher data rates. It is based on a set of standards for mobile devices and mobile telecommunications services and networks that conform to the International Telecommunication Union's International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) specifications. One of the requirements of IMT-2000 was that the speed should be at least 200 Kbps to call it a 3G service.
3G supports multimedia services and streaming services, which are becoming increasingly popular. It allows universal access and portability across different types of devices (phones, PDAs, etc.). 3G has increased spectrum efficiency by improving audio compression during a call, allowing more simultaneous calls in the same frequency range. The United Nations International Telecommunication Union's IMT-2000 standard calls for "true" 3G to have stationary speeds of 2 Mbps and mobile speeds of 384 kbps. The theoretical maximum speed for HSPA+ is 21.6 Mbit/s.
Like 2G, 3G evolved to 3.5G and 3.75G as more features were introduced to enable 4G. A 3G phone cannot communicate over a 4G network, but newer generations of phones are virtually always backward compatible, so a 4G phone can communicate over a 3G or even 2G network.
4G - Fourth Generation
4G is a different technology than 3G and was virtually only made possible by advances in technology over the last 10 years. Its goal is to provide users with high speed, high quality, and high capacity while improving security and reducing the cost of voice, data, multimedia, and Internet over IP. Potential and current applications include modified mobile Internet access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition.
5G - Fifth Generation
5G is a generation under development that is intended to improve on 4G. Among other things, 5G promises much faster data rates, higher connection density and significantly lower latency. Plans for 5G also include device-to-device communications, better battery consumption and improved overall wireless coverage. The maximum speed of 5G is expected to be up to 35.46 Gbps, which is more than 35 times faster than 4G.
Key technologies to watch out for: Massive MIMO, millimeter wave mobile, etc. Massive MIMO, millimeter waves, small cells, Li-Fi - all these new technologies from the last decade could be used to give a user 10 Gbps with unimaginably low latency and enable connections for at least 100 billion devices. There are varying estimates on when 5G networks will be commercially deployed. The Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance believes that 5G should be deployed by 2020 to meet the needs of businesses and consumers.
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