10 Articles Every Programmer Must Read
Being a Java programmer and Software developer, I have learned a lot from articles titled as What Every Programmer Should Know about..... , they tend to give a lot of useful and in-depth information about a particular topic, which otherwise is very hard to discover. In my quest of learning I have come across some very useful articles, which I have bookmarked for reference and multiple reading. I personally think that all programmer can benefit by reading these articles, which makes me write this post and share all of these "What Every Programmer Should Kn
10 Articles Every Programmer Must Read
Being a Java programmer and Software developer, I have learned a lot from articles titled as What Every Programmer Should Know about..... , they tend to give a lot of useful and in-depth information about a particular topic, which otherwise is very hard to discover. In my quest of learning I have come across some very useful articles, which I have bookmarked for reference and multiple reading. I personally think that all programmer can benefit by reading these articles, which makes me write this post and share all of these "What Every Programmer Should Know" articles with you guys. These are from my personal bookmarks. In this article, you will see classic what every programmer should know article from topics like memory,Unicode, floating point arithmetic, networking, object oriented design, time, URL Encoding, String and many more. This list is very important for beginner and newcomers, as they are the ones, who lacks practical knowledge. Since most of these post are actually driven by practical knowledge, beginner and intermediate programmers can take a lot from it. Also gaining knowledge of fundamentals early in career helps to avoid mistakes, which has done by other programmers and software developers on their course of learning. Though it’s not easy to grasp all knowledge given in these articles in just one reading. You probably won't understand some details about floating point number or get confused with subtle details of memory, but it’s important to keep these list handy and refer them time to time with a context. So Good luck and Enjoy reading these wonderful articles. By the way, don't forget to share any What Every Programmer should know article, if it’s not already in this list.
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What Every Programmer Should Know about Memory
this is one of the classic article, which will take you through May lanes of memory, some old, some new, some known and some unknown. Despite being so conman and omnipresent, not every programmer have enough knowledge of Memory. Knowledge of memory in modern system becomes even more important if you are in space of writing high performance application. Hardware designers have come up with ever more sophisticated memory handling and acceleration techniques–such as CPU caches–but these cannot work optimally without some help from the programmer. I am still reading this article, and I can't tell you how much I have learned from this about RAM, CPU Caches e.g. L1 and L2 cache, different types of memory, direct memory access, memory controller designs and Memory in general. In short, a must read for programmers of all level of experience.
What Every Computer Scientist Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic
Floating point arithmetic is a tricky topic, and it’s not easy to master. Even many Java programmer doesn't know what can go wrong when comparing float/double value with == operator. Many of us often makes mistake of doing monetary calculation in float and double. This article is another gem of this series and must read for all software developers and programmers. As your experience grows, you are expected to know subtle details of common things, and floating point arithmetic is one of them. As senior Java developer, you must know how to perform monetary calculation, when to use float, double or Big Decimal classes, how to round floating point numbers etc. Even if you know fundamentals of floating point arithmetic, you will learn something new about floating point calculation by reading this article.
What Every Developer Should know about Unicode
Character encoding is another area, where many programmer struggle, and "The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know about Unicode and Character Sets (No Excuses!)" aims to fill that gap. On side note, yes that's the full title of that article. It was written by Joel Spolsky, one of the founder of statckoverflow.com. Joel has written this post on his blog almost 10 years back, but it is still relevant in today’s world. This article will teach you about what is Unicode, What is character encoding, how characters are represented using bytes and many more. One of the best thing about this article is language and flow, even if you don't know anything about Unicode, you can easily follow. In short, one more must read for all programmers, coders and software engineers.
What Every Programmer Should know about Time
Apart from Character encoding, time and date is another area, where many programmers struggle, including me. Even senior developers lost between GMT, UTC, day light saving and between leap seconds. Frankly speaking, it’s not easy to deal with time zones without making any mistake, then add day light savings and effect of that. Problems becomes worse if you using trial and error method, because you will never able to solve your problem by doing that. There are so many things which can go wrong and there are equal number of misconceptions. Things like, whether date contains time-zone or not can confuse you like hell, converting UNIX time to other time-zone can freak you out, forget about clock synchronization and delays. I hope many of your misconception about time will go away and you will build sound fundamental about Time, by reading this classic article.
What every web developer must know about URL encoding
this article describes common misconceptions about Uniform Resource Locator (URL) encoding, then attempts to clarify URL encoding for HTTP, before presenting frequent problems and their solutions. While this article is not specific to any programming language, it illustrate the problems in Java) and finish by explaining how to fix URL encoding problems in Java, and in a web application at several levels. You will learn basics of URL grammar, general URL syntax in HTTP and other protocol. This article also explores common pitfalls of URLs e.g. character encoding, reserved character at different part of URL, and URL encoding/decoding issues. If you are a Java programmer, then you will also learn about how to handle URLs in Java application, the right way. How to construct URL and using Apache commons HTTP client library. Finally it also suggest best practices or dealing with URLs e.g. you should encode URLs when you build them, making sure your URL-rewrite filters deal with your URL correctly and many more. In short, a must read article for any web developer and programmer.
What should every programmer know about web development?
This is an interesting article from programmers stack exchange, about what should every programmer implementing the technical details of a web application consider before making the site public. This includes things ranging from Interface design and User Experience, Security, Web standards, Performance, Search Engine Optimisation (SEO), and Technology involved, and about several important resources. Since today's world is hugely dependent upon internet and programmer having their personal site, blog is quite common. Experience learned on this article will not even help in your professional work but also in your personal work. You will learn about all key technology e.g. HTTP, HTML, XML, CSS, Java Script, browsers compatibility, tips to reduce loading time of your website, XML sitemaps, W3C specifications and several other key details.
What Every Programmer Should Know About SEO
this is another article, which is very important for web developers, programmers and blogger. SEO is too big to ignore, since many programmers are also blogger, it’s important to learn few basics of Search Engine Optimization to help Google find their content and present to other fellow programmers. Since no company can survive without web presence in today's inter-connected world, SEO becomes even more important. If you own start-up, selling any product, then SEO is something to care about. All programmers, especially web developers can largely benefit from this article. Remember, Search Engine Optimization is vast and very dynamic subject, and also varies between different search engines e.g. Google, Yahoo, and others. So, In order to master this topic you will always need to update your knowledge.
What Every C Programmer Should Know About Undefined Behaviour #1/3
C programming language have the concept of "undefined behaviour". Undefined behaviour is a broad topic with a lot of nuances and that's one reason of why I like Java, less number of undefined behaviour, less confusion, more stability and more peace. Many seemingly reasonable things in C actually have undefined behaviour, and this is a common source of bugs in programs. Beyond that, any undefined behaviour in C gives license to the implementation (the compiler and runtime) to produce code that formats your hard drive, does completely unexpected things, or worse. Read this excellent article to deep dive on sea of undefined behaviour.
What Every Programmer Need to know about networking
From the article itself "You’re a programmer. Have you ever wondered how multi-player games work? From the outside it seems magical: two or more players sharing a consistent experience across the network like they actually exist together in the same virtual world. But as programmers we know the truth of what is actually going on underneath is quite different from what you see. It turns out that it’s all an illusion." This is very interesting article about networking, written for game programmers but I think every programmer and developer can benefit from this.
What Every Java Developer Should Know about String
this is my article on java.lang.String and what I personally thing every Java programmer should know about it. String is very important in day to day programming in Java and that's why good knowledge is must for any Java developer. This article touches many important areas of String including string pool, string literal, comparing String using == vs equals(), converting bytes to String, Why String is immutable, properly concatenating Strings and many more. Advanced programmer may already know all these stuffs but even then it’s good to revise them.
What should every programmer know about security?
This question was ask by one computer programming student in Stack Overflow. Just like we learn a lot about general programming concepts e.g. operating system, algorithm, data-structure, computer architecture, and other stuff, it’s also important to know about security. Though Security is vast topic ranging from encryption/decryption, SSL, web security, obfuscation, authentication, authorization etc., and a basic minimum knowledge is must for every programmer. I personally didn't know much about Security when I started my career, it’s when I start writing Servlet/JSP based Java web application, I come to know about web security and several security threats like SQL Injection, Denial of Service, XML Injection, Cross site scripting and others. As Java developer, now I follow secure Java coding practices provided by fortify, PMP and other static code analysis providers. This article is very good collection of topics and links about Security and whether you are doing coding or not, you will surely benefit from this resource.
Latency Numbers Every Programmer Should Know
this is the bonus article, but must read for every Programmer. In order to write high performance application in any programming language e.g. Java or C++, you ought to know fundamental latency numbers e.g. how much time it take to read a variable from memory, from L1 Cache, from L2 cache, from random read in SSD and from disk. How much time it take to lock unlock on mutex, to send a data packet from one city to another or doing a roundtrip on same data centre. These latency numbers are independent of any programming language and part of core knowledge, a developer must have to write high frequency low latency applications. Good thing about this link is that it also provides you comparative analysis of how these latency numbers have evolved over the years. You can see what these latency numbers were in 2006 and what they are now.
That's all in this list of article every Programmer must read. By reading articles titles as What Every Programmer or Developer Should know, you gain in-depth knowledge of a particular topic. Frankly speaking there are too many things to learn for programmers, learning a programming language like Java is just a tip of iceberg, but isn't it many of us have passion for learning. Programming is a challenging job, and only things which help you all along your career is fundamental knowledge e.g. things about Memory, Unicode, floating point numbers, time, security is very important for any programmer. Few things are programming language specific e.g. my post about Java String and what every C programmer should know about undefined behaviour, but they are still good to learn for many beginner and developers.
Read more: http://javarevisited.blogspot.co...
Though your question says ‘basic concepts’ , I will like to answer this by removing the ‘concepts’ in the question. An engineering student not only learns concept but he also acquires knowledge, skills and experience. The term ‘concept’ is limiting. Permit me to rephrase the question.
What are the basics every Engineering student should know ?
Engineering students are of various types. Undergraduate
Though your question says ‘basic concepts’ , I will like to answer this by removing the ‘concepts’ in the question. An engineering student not only learns concept but he also acquires knowledge, skills and experience. The term ‘concept’ is limiting. Permit me to rephrase the question.
What are the basics every Engineering student should know ?
Engineering students are of various types. Undergraduates , postgraduates , researchers etc. This answer covers all. At various stages of learning, we become more competent. Where are in an evolving world where we need to update our skill sets often to reflect these changes. All Engineering students should have a BASIC understanding of the following :
* Basic science - Physics, chemistry , Engineering Mathematics and biology.
* Thermofluids
* Strength of materials
* Material science
* Engineering drawing
* Computer applications I.e. MatLAB, AutoCAD etc. As you study further, you will use various software packages for your studies. A mechanical engineering engineering, for example, will probably use ANSYS , Creo parametric , Star CCM+ etc
* Production engineering - basic tools, lathe machines etc
* Electrical engineering
* Engineering Mechanics - Dynamics and Kinetics.
...
Where do I start?
I’m a huge financial nerd, and have spent an embarrassing amount of time talking to people about their money habits.
Here are the biggest mistakes people are making and how to fix them:
Not having a separate high interest savings account
Having a separate account allows you to see the results of all your hard work and keep your money separate so you're less tempted to spend it.
Plus with rates above 5.00%, the interest you can earn compared to most banks really adds up.
Here is a list of the top savings accounts available today. Deposit $5 before moving on because this is one of th
Where do I start?
I’m a huge financial nerd, and have spent an embarrassing amount of time talking to people about their money habits.
Here are the biggest mistakes people are making and how to fix them:
Not having a separate high interest savings account
Having a separate account allows you to see the results of all your hard work and keep your money separate so you're less tempted to spend it.
Plus with rates above 5.00%, the interest you can earn compared to most banks really adds up.
Here is a list of the top savings accounts available today. Deposit $5 before moving on because this is one of the biggest mistakes and easiest ones to fix.
Overpaying on car insurance
You’ve heard it a million times before, but the average American family still overspends by $417/year on car insurance.
If you’ve been with the same insurer for years, chances are you are one of them.
Pull up Coverage.com, a free site that will compare prices for you, answer the questions on the page, and it will show you how much you could be saving.
That’s it. You’ll likely be saving a bunch of money. Here’s a link to give it a try.
Consistently being in debt
If you’ve got $10K+ in debt (credit cards…medical bills…anything really) you could use a debt relief program and potentially reduce by over 20%.
Here’s how to see if you qualify:
Head over to this Debt Relief comparison website here, then simply answer the questions to see if you qualify.
It’s as simple as that. You’ll likely end up paying less than you owed before and you could be debt free in as little as 2 years.
Missing out on free money to invest
It’s no secret that millionaires love investing, but for the rest of us, it can seem out of reach.
Times have changed. There are a number of investing platforms that will give you a bonus to open an account and get started. All you have to do is open the account and invest at least $25, and you could get up to $1000 in bonus.
Pretty sweet deal right? Here is a link to some of the best options.
Having bad credit
A low credit score can come back to bite you in so many ways in the future.
From that next rental application to getting approved for any type of loan or credit card, if you have a bad history with credit, the good news is you can fix it.
Head over to BankRate.com and answer a few questions to see if you qualify. It only takes a few minutes and could save you from a major upset down the line.
How to get started
Hope this helps! Here are the links to get started:
Have a separate savings account
Stop overpaying for car insurance
Finally get out of debt
Start investing with a free bonus
Fix your credit
You need to be competent at mathematics. Getting the sums right is a fundamental requirement. Being careful is better than being quick but careless.
You need to understand physics. That is, not just apply equations, but appreciate why they work. Why does pressure increase with depth of water? What is the difference between momentum and kinetic energy and which should I use for this problem? Why are the Ideal Gas Laws as they are? Why is electricity transmitted distances at high voltage instead of domestic voltage? (If you don’t know these now, concentrate on understanding, not just learning a f
You need to be competent at mathematics. Getting the sums right is a fundamental requirement. Being careful is better than being quick but careless.
You need to understand physics. That is, not just apply equations, but appreciate why they work. Why does pressure increase with depth of water? What is the difference between momentum and kinetic energy and which should I use for this problem? Why are the Ideal Gas Laws as they are? Why is electricity transmitted distances at high voltage instead of domestic voltage? (If you don’t know these now, concentrate on understanding, not just learning a formula, when you do.)
If you’re considering engineering as a lifelong career, the first thing you need to know is which branch is the best for you. The most important factors for success in a career are:
- It’s something you find interesting and enjoyable, maybe even have a passion for
- It uses your specific talents and abilities
There are many different kinds of engineering work, so think about what you find interesting and enjoy working with. Also think about your particular aptitudes: computers, mechanical design, electrical projects, civil projects or some other area. What kinds of projects could you work on day afte
If you’re considering engineering as a lifelong career, the first thing you need to know is which branch is the best for you. The most important factors for success in a career are:
- It’s something you find interesting and enjoyable, maybe even have a passion for
- It uses your specific talents and abilities
There are many different kinds of engineering work, so think about what you find interesting and enjoy working with. Also think about your particular aptitudes: computers, mechanical design, electrical projects, civil projects or some other area. What kinds of projects could you work on day after day and never get bored? Then you can make an intelligent choice.
Mechanical engineering has among the widest variety of areas, including vehicles, aerospace, power generation, renewable energy, product design, manufacturing and more. Everyone you ask will have an opinion, but nobody knows you better than you do. What’s not to like about doing what you love and getting paid for it?
To see all the branches of engineering, here’s a link:
Engineering is a broad field, but there are several fundamental concepts and skills that every engineering student should be familiar with, regardless of their specific discipline. Here are some key areas:
1. Mathematics
- Calculus: Understanding limits, derivatives, integrals, and their applications.
- Linear Algebra: Vectors, matrices, and systems of equations.
- Differential Equations: Basic techniques for solving ordinary differential equations.
- Statistics and Probability: Fundamental concepts for data analysis and risk assessment.
2. Physics
- Classical Mechanics: Laws of motion, forces, energy, and mom
Engineering is a broad field, but there are several fundamental concepts and skills that every engineering student should be familiar with, regardless of their specific discipline. Here are some key areas:
1. Mathematics
- Calculus: Understanding limits, derivatives, integrals, and their applications.
- Linear Algebra: Vectors, matrices, and systems of equations.
- Differential Equations: Basic techniques for solving ordinary differential equations.
- Statistics and Probability: Fundamental concepts for data analysis and risk assessment.
2. Physics
- Classical Mechanics: Laws of motion, forces, energy, and momentum.
- Thermodynamics: Laws of thermodynamics, heat transfer, and energy conversion.
- Electromagnetism: Basic principles of electric fields, magnetic fields, and circuits.
3. Engineering Principles
- Systems Thinking: Understanding how different components of a system interact.
- Engineering Design Process: Steps from problem identification to prototyping and testing.
- Materials Science: Basic properties of materials and their applications in engineering.
4. Computer Skills
- Programming: Familiarity with at least one programming language (e.g., Python, C++).
- Software Tools: Proficiency in engineering software (e.g., MATLAB, CAD tools).
- Data Analysis: Basic data manipulation and analysis skills using tools like Excel or Python libraries.
5. Communication Skills
- Technical Writing: Ability to write clear and concise reports and documentation.
- Presentation Skills: Effectively presenting ideas and technical information to diverse audiences.
- Teamwork: Collaborating with others on projects and understanding group dynamics.
6. Ethics and Professionalism
- Engineering Ethics: Understanding the ethical responsibilities of engineers.
- Sustainability: Awareness of sustainable practices and environmental considerations in engineering.
7. Project Management
- Planning and Organization: Basic skills in managing projects, timelines, and resources.
- Risk Management: Identifying and mitigating risks in engineering projects.
8. Discipline-Specific Knowledge
- Each engineering discipline (e.g., civil, mechanical, electrical, chemical) has its own core concepts, so students should also develop a foundational understanding of their specific field.
By mastering these concepts, engineering students will be well-prepared to tackle more complex topics and challenges in their studies and future careers.
I once met a man who drove a modest Toyota Corolla, wore beat-up sneakers, and looked like he’d lived the same way for decades. But what really caught my attention was when he casually mentioned he was retired at 45 with more money than he could ever spend. I couldn’t help but ask, “How did you do it?”
He smiled and said, “The secret to saving money is knowing where to look for the waste—and car insurance is one of the easiest places to start.”
He then walked me through a few strategies that I’d never thought of before. Here’s what I learned:
1. Make insurance companies fight for your business
Mos
I once met a man who drove a modest Toyota Corolla, wore beat-up sneakers, and looked like he’d lived the same way for decades. But what really caught my attention was when he casually mentioned he was retired at 45 with more money than he could ever spend. I couldn’t help but ask, “How did you do it?”
He smiled and said, “The secret to saving money is knowing where to look for the waste—and car insurance is one of the easiest places to start.”
He then walked me through a few strategies that I’d never thought of before. Here’s what I learned:
1. Make insurance companies fight for your business
Most people just stick with the same insurer year after year, but that’s what the companies are counting on. This guy used tools like Coverage.com to compare rates every time his policy came up for renewal. It only took him a few minutes, and he said he’d saved hundreds each year by letting insurers compete for his business.
Click here to try Coverage.com and see how much you could save today.
2. Take advantage of safe driver programs
He mentioned that some companies reward good drivers with significant discounts. By signing up for a program that tracked his driving habits for just a month, he qualified for a lower rate. “It’s like a test where you already know the answers,” he joked.
You can find a list of insurance companies offering safe driver discounts here and start saving on your next policy.
3. Bundle your policies
He bundled his auto insurance with his home insurance and saved big. “Most companies will give you a discount if you combine your policies with them. It’s easy money,” he explained. If you haven’t bundled yet, ask your insurer what discounts they offer—or look for new ones that do.
4. Drop coverage you don’t need
He also emphasized reassessing coverage every year. If your car isn’t worth much anymore, it might be time to drop collision or comprehensive coverage. “You shouldn’t be paying more to insure the car than it’s worth,” he said.
5. Look for hidden fees or overpriced add-ons
One of his final tips was to avoid extras like roadside assistance, which can often be purchased elsewhere for less. “It’s those little fees you don’t think about that add up,” he warned.
The Secret? Stop Overpaying
The real “secret” isn’t about cutting corners—it’s about being proactive. Car insurance companies are counting on you to stay complacent, but with tools like Coverage.com and a little effort, you can make sure you’re only paying for what you need—and saving hundreds in the process.
If you’re ready to start saving, take a moment to:
- Compare rates now on Coverage.com
- Check if you qualify for safe driver discounts
- Reevaluate your coverage today
Saving money on auto insurance doesn’t have to be complicated—you just have to know where to look. If you'd like to support my work, feel free to use the links in this post—they help me continue creating valuable content.
The basics
- Your maths equations and formulae
and i mean calculus, trigonometry, combimetrics and not just (a+b)^2
YOU CANNOT GET THROUGH ENGINEERING IF YOU CANNOT ANSWER THESE IN YOUR SLEEP- Basics of physics and chemistry (equations, laws etc):
E.g. Maxwell's equations, divergence, ionic balancing etc
At least make sure you can understand them when you look them up - Workshop practices
- At some time or the other (unless you are a software-only computer science major), you will need to custom make stuff.
- Basic Coding Knowledge
- Know at least one HLL well. The most popular ones are C or C++
It
The basics
- Your maths equations and formulae
and i mean calculus, trigonometry, combimetrics and not just (a+b)^2
YOU CANNOT GET THROUGH ENGINEERING IF YOU CANNOT ANSWER THESE IN YOUR SLEEP- Basics of physics and chemistry (equations, laws etc):
E.g. Maxwell's equations, divergence, ionic balancing etc
At least make sure you can understand them when you look them up - Workshop practices
- At some time or the other (unless you are a software-only computer science major), you will need to custom make stuff.
- Basic Coding Knowledge
- Know at least one HLL well. The most popular ones are C or C++
It is also helpful to learn Matlab to help with large simulations. - Web resources
GOOGLE/WIKIPEDIA: kind of obvious
WOLFRAM ALPHA: this is one of the ultimate tools that an engineer can ask for
COURSERA or other educational sites: for those courses you cannot take in your university, or learn something new if you are employed.
Everyone should be aware that the optimal design of a device is the result of tradeoffs. In other words to make one component better, you have to cut back on others. For example, to make one part of your car’s engine more accessible for mechanics, they had to make some other part less accessible.
1. Overlook how much you can save when shopping online
Many people overpay when shopping online simply because price-checking across sites is time-consuming. Here is a free browser extension that can help you save money by automatically finding the better deals.
- Auto-apply coupon codes – This friendly browser add-on instantly applies any available valid coupon codes at checkout, helping you find better discounts without searching for codes.
- Compare prices across stores – If a better deal is found, it alerts you before you spend more than necessary.
Capital One Shopping users saved over $800 millio
1. Overlook how much you can save when shopping online
Many people overpay when shopping online simply because price-checking across sites is time-consuming. Here is a free browser extension that can help you save money by automatically finding the better deals.
- Auto-apply coupon codes – This friendly browser add-on instantly applies any available valid coupon codes at checkout, helping you find better discounts without searching for codes.
- Compare prices across stores – If a better deal is found, it alerts you before you spend more than necessary.
Capital One Shopping users saved over $800 million in the past year, check out here if you are interested.
Disclosure: Capital One Shopping compensates us when you get the browser extension through our links.
2. Overpaying on Auto Insurance
Believe it or not, the average American family still overspends by $461/year¹ on car insurance.
Sometimes it’s even worse: I switched carriers last year and saved literally $1,300/year.
Here’s how to quickly see how much you’re being overcharged (takes maybe a couple of minutes):
- Pull up Coverage.com – it’s a free site that will compare offers for you
- Answer the questions on the page
- It’ll spit out a bunch of insurance offers for you.
That’s literally it. You’ll likely save yourself a bunch of money.
3. Not Investing in Real Estate (Starting at Just $20)
Real estate has long been a favorite investment of the wealthy, but owning property has often felt out of reach for many—until now.
With platforms like Ark7, you can start investing in rental properties with as little as $20 per share.
- Hands-off management – Ark7 takes care of everything, from property upkeep to rent collection.
- Seamless experience – Their award-winning app makes investing easy and efficient.
- Consistent passive income – Rental profits are automatically deposited into your account every month.
Now, you can build your own real estate portfolio without needing a fortune. Ready to get started? Explore Ark7’s properties today.
4. Wasting Time on Unproductive Habits
As a rule of thumb, I’d ignore most sites that claim to pay for surveys, but a few legitimate ones actually offer decent payouts.
I usually use Survey Junkie. You basically just get paid to give your opinions on different products/services, etc. Perfect for multitasking while watching TV!
- Earn $100+ monthly – Complete just three surveys a day to reach $100 per month, or four or more to boost your earnings to $130.
- Millions Paid Out – Survey Junkie members earn over $55,000 daily, with total payouts exceeding $76 million.
- Join 20M+ Members – Be part of a thriving community of over 20 million people earning extra cash through surveys.
With over $1.6 million paid out monthly, Survey Junkie lets you turn spare time into extra cash. Sign up today and start earning from your opinions!
5. Paying off credit card debt on your own
If you have over $10,000 in credit cards - a debt relief program could help you lower your total debt by an average of 23%.
- Lower your total debt – National Debt Relief works with creditors to negotiate and settle your debt for less than you owe.
- One affordable monthly payment – Instead of managing multiple bills, consolidate your payments into one simple, structured plan.
- No upfront fees – You only pay once your debt is successfully reduced and settled, ensuring a risk-free way to tackle financial burdens.
Simple as that. You’ll likely end up paying less than you owed and could be debt free in 12-24 months. Here’s a link to National Debt Relief.
6. Overspending on Mortgages
Overpaying on your mortgage can cost you, but securing the best rate is easy with Bankrate’s Mortgage Comparison Tool.
- Compare Competitive Rates – Access top mortgage offers from trusted lenders.
- Personalized results – Get tailored recommendations based on your financial profile.
- Expert resources – Use calculators to estimate monthly payments and long-term savings.
Don’t let high rates limit your financial flexibility. Explore Bankrate’s Mortgage Comparison Tool today and find the right mortgage for your dream home!
7. Ignoring Home Equity
Your home can be one of your most valuable financial assets, yet many homeowners miss out on opportunities to leverage its equity. Bankrate’s Best Home Equity Options helps you find the right loan for renovations, debt consolidation, or unexpected expenses.
- Discover top home equity loans and HELOCs – Access competitive rates and terms tailored to your needs.
- Expert tools – Use calculators to estimate equity and project monthly payments.
- Guided decision-making – Get insights to maximize your home’s value while maintaining financial stability.
Don’t let your home’s value go untapped. Explore Bankrate’s Best Home Equity Options today and make your equity work for you!
8. Missing Out on Smart Investing
With countless options available, navigating investments can feel overwhelming. Bankrate’s Best Investing Options curates top-rated opportunities to help you grow your wealth with confidence.
- Compare investments – Explore stocks, ETFs, bonds, and more to build a diversified portfolio.
- Tailored insights – Get tailored advice to match your financial goals and risk tolerance.
- Maximize returns – Learn strategies to optimize investments and minimize risks.
Take control of your financial future. Explore Bankrate’s Best Investing Options today and start building a stronger portfolio today!
Disclaimer:
Found is a financial technology company, not a bank. Business banking services are provided by Piermont Bank, Member FDIC. The funds in your account are FDIC-insured up to $250,000 per depositor for each account ownership category. Advanced, optional add-on bookkeeping software available with a Found Plus subscription. There are no monthly account maintenance fees, but transactional fees for wires, instant transfers, and ATM apply. Read more here: Fee Schedule
- Basic core concepts
- Communications skills
- Vocabulary
- Fluent English speaking skills
At a minimum, whatever is required by the curriculum of whatever school of engineering they have chosen to attend. This will generally include (for a bachelor’s degree) mathematics at least through differential calculus, a couple of years of physics and likely some chemistry (how much depends on the field of engineering being studied - obviously, a chemical engineer needs more background in chemistry than, say, and electrical engineer), a number of courses in the specific field of engineering they’re pursuing, and often some “general education,” non-engineering courses (which might include mus
At a minimum, whatever is required by the curriculum of whatever school of engineering they have chosen to attend. This will generally include (for a bachelor’s degree) mathematics at least through differential calculus, a couple of years of physics and likely some chemistry (how much depends on the field of engineering being studied - obviously, a chemical engineer needs more background in chemistry than, say, and electrical engineer), a number of courses in the specific field of engineering they’re pursuing, and often some “general education,” non-engineering courses (which might include music, art, history, languages, etc.).
What an engineering student should also learn - and yet it’s something that relatively few do learn - is how to communicate well in both spoken and written form. It’s virtually impossible to become truly successful in any engineering or scientific field without this skill.
You must master fundamental concepts in math, physics and perhaps chemistry. The reason for this is that all the courses that you will take will depend on how well you have mastered these fundamental courses. These fundamental courses form the foundation of the early engineering courses that you will be taking. I discovered that the most difficult courses are the ones you take in your freshman year. If you do well in these courses your engineering classes will get easier. If you do not do well future engineering classes will be much more difficult. I’m order to do well you must learn how to pr
You must master fundamental concepts in math, physics and perhaps chemistry. The reason for this is that all the courses that you will take will depend on how well you have mastered these fundamental courses. These fundamental courses form the foundation of the early engineering courses that you will be taking. I discovered that the most difficult courses are the ones you take in your freshman year. If you do well in these courses your engineering classes will get easier. If you do not do well future engineering classes will be much more difficult. I’m order to do well you must learn how to properly study. Here’s what I did and it worked quite well. At the end of each chapter in your technical books there are problems. I did every one of these until I got them all correct. By doing this it would confirm that I really understood the material. I also read ahead the chapter that the professor was going to discuss on the next lecture. This would enable me to follow the professor more easily.
Mike
Basic Mathematics, Logical reasoning, and the applications of your field of engineering in your daily life.
Engineering is defined as the implementation of mathematics and science or you can say it's a application of either one into another .so to be a student in engineering you should have knowledge of both science and mathematics. Usually engineering deals with technologies,applications of knowledge etc to build a better world.but for making your mindset to work upon this you must have knowledge of above subjects.
There are numerous fundamental principles and skills that every engineer, regardless of their specific area, should be aware of:
Basic Engineering Principles: Understanding of fundamental concepts such as Newton's laws of motion, thermodynamics, and electrical circuits.
Math and Physics: Calculus, linear algebra, differential equations, and statistics are all essential skills.
Strong understanding of physics fundamentals applicable to their field.
Technical Writing and Communication: Ability to provide clear and succinct technical reports and documentation.
Effective communication abilities for c
There are numerous fundamental principles and skills that every engineer, regardless of their specific area, should be aware of:
Basic Engineering Principles: Understanding of fundamental concepts such as Newton's laws of motion, thermodynamics, and electrical circuits.
Math and Physics: Calculus, linear algebra, differential equations, and statistics are all essential skills.
Strong understanding of physics fundamentals applicable to their field.
Technical Writing and Communication: Ability to provide clear and succinct technical reports and documentation.
Effective communication abilities for cooperating with team members and presenting results.
Problem-solving Skills: Analytical thinking and the capacity to address complex problems methodically.
Creativity when developing solutions and innovations.
Ethics and professionalism: Understand an engineer's ethical obligations, which include safety, sustainability, and integrity.
Understanding of professional codes of conduct and standards.
Project Management: Basic understanding of project management fundamentals, such as planning, scheduling, and resource allocation.
Experience with tools such as Gantt charts and project management software.
Computer Skills: Proficiency in programming languages related to their field (such as Python, MATLAB, and C++).
Knowledge of software tools for simulation, modelling, and design (such as CAD software).
Materials Science: Understanding material qualities and applications.
Understanding how different materials react to varying stresses and environmental circumstances.
Safety Standards and Regulations: Experience with industry-specific safety standards and regulations.
Recognise the significance of developing systems and procedures that prioritise safety.
Teamwork & Collaboration: Ability to collaborate well in interdisciplinary teams.
Competencies in conflict resolution and collaborative problem solving.
Continuous learning and adaptability: Commitment to lifelong learning and remaining current on technical breakthroughs and industry trends.
Adaptability to new tools, technology, and methods.
Economic and Cost Analysis: Basic understanding of cost estimation, budgeting, and financial principles for engineering projects.
Environmental awareness: Understanding of sustainable practices and the environmental implications of engineering decisions.
These fundamental skills and knowledge areas enable engineers to tackle complicated problems, develop successfully, and maintain high professional standards.
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As your question suggests, you are asking prerequisites to start studying mechanical engineering.
- Basics
- Solve mathematical equations (pro level)
- Units and dimensions of physical quantities (pro level)
- Mathematics
- Functions (master this one)
- Calculus (master this one)
- Vectors
- Probability
- Complex numbers
- Matrices
- Physics
- Free Body diagram (master this one)
- Laws of motion
- Laws of energy (heat, work, etc)
- Rotational motion
- Properties of solid, liquid and gases
- Waves
- Any one programming language(python preferably or c, c++ fine)
There are a lot of other things but if you can do all of above that should be more than
As your question suggests, you are asking prerequisites to start studying mechanical engineering.
- Basics
- Solve mathematical equations (pro level)
- Units and dimensions of physical quantities (pro level)
- Mathematics
- Functions (master this one)
- Calculus (master this one)
- Vectors
- Probability
- Complex numbers
- Matrices
- Physics
- Free Body diagram (master this one)
- Laws of motion
- Laws of energy (heat, work, etc)
- Rotational motion
- Properties of solid, liquid and gases
- Waves
- Any one programming language(python preferably or c, c++ fine)
There are a lot of other things but if you can do all of above that should be more than sufficient. I think you can skip chemistry. One programming language is must have.
Let me know your thoughts
All the best
Engineering Concepts is a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) education and career route. Students learn how to create and design new goods as well as enhance current ones by developing real-world problem-solving and critical thinking abilities.
Regardless of field, most engineering programmes have a few courses in common. For Math, Calculus 1 - 3 , Linear Algebra. Basic circuits concepts like KVL and KCL and nodal analysis. Basic Mechanics and Thermodynamics. So I’m guessing all engineers have to comprehend a bit of all these skills.
I hope that answers your question.
As an engineer, understanding the foundational principles of engineering is crucial. This includes proficiency in mathematics, physics, and other sciences relevant to your field. Beyond that, a strong grasp of engineering fundamentals such as problem-solving methodologies, critical thinking, and analytical skills is essential. Familiarity with engineering ethics and professional standards ensures responsible practice. Proficiency in using relevant tools and technologies, staying updated with advancements in your field, and having effective communication skills are also vital. Finally, recogniz
As an engineer, understanding the foundational principles of engineering is crucial. This includes proficiency in mathematics, physics, and other sciences relevant to your field. Beyond that, a strong grasp of engineering fundamentals such as problem-solving methodologies, critical thinking, and analytical skills is essential. Familiarity with engineering ethics and professional standards ensures responsible practice. Proficiency in using relevant tools and technologies, staying updated with advancements in your field, and having effective communication skills are also vital. Finally, recognizing the interdisciplinary nature of engineering and the importance of teamwork and collaboration enhances your effectiveness as an engineer.
- What is Mechanical Engineering?
- What are Carnot Cycle, Otto Cycle, and Diesel Cycle?
- Explain simple vapour compression cycle in refrigerator.
- Which compressor is usually used in AC?
- Why don't CI engines need a spark plug?
- What are MPFI and TPFC systems?
- State the laws of Thermodynamics.
- Which is your favourite car and why?
- Which is your favourite two-wheeler and why?
- When we start a vehicle, exhaust smoke appears white. Why?
- What are the various thermodynamic systems? What are the basic definitions?
- What is triple point of water?
- What is an indicator diagram? What are the features and advantages? How is
- What is Mechanical Engineering?
- What are Carnot Cycle, Otto Cycle, and Diesel Cycle?
- Explain simple vapour compression cycle in refrigerator.
- Which compressor is usually used in AC?
- Why don't CI engines need a spark plug?
- What are MPFI and TPFC systems?
- State the laws of Thermodynamics.
- Which is your favourite car and why?
- Which is your favourite two-wheeler and why?
- When we start a vehicle, exhaust smoke appears white. Why?
- What are the various thermodynamic systems? What are the basic definitions?
- What is triple point of water?
- What is an indicator diagram? What are the features and advantages? How is it different from p-v diagram?
- What is a differential and how does it work?
- Explain 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines.
- What are the differences between SI and CI engines?
- What is the difference between turbo charging and supercharging?
- What are knocking detonation and pre-ignition? What are the preventive measures adopted?
- What is meant by Jet Propulsion? Ramjet, Scramjet, Turbojet, Turboprop, and Turbo fan?
- Explain common automobile specifications.
- Explain refrigerator system.
- What are the refrigerants used in refrigerators, AC, water coolers, walk-in coolers, and freezers?
- How are AC systems like window AC, split AC, and central AC different from each other?
- What are Heat Exchangers?
- What are Conduction, Convection and Radiation?
- Explain the concept of a black body.
- Explain Stephan-Boltzmann Laws, Kirchoff's Law, Planck's Law and Wien's Displacement Law.
- Explain lubrication system in IC engines.
- What is SAE?
- How to identify two balls having same external radius and weight, one hollow and the other solid, of different materials?
- Explain the principle of Watt's Governor.
- Differentiate between governor and fly wheel.
- What is ASHRAE?
- What are the different types of turbines and compressors?
- What are the new trends in IC engine? What do you know about CDI, ball piston, camless engines like GDI, VTEC?
- How does the number of valves per cylinder affect the cycle?
- How can you differentiate between the inlet and outlet ports?
- What is ABS, GPS, SBC, SOHC, and DOHC?
- Explain different types of gears and their applications.
- Certain vehicles can be started by keeping the gears engaged, while certain others cannot be - explain?
- Tell us about different types of manufacturing processes.
- How do you polish a ball bearing?
- Differentiate between lathe and a milling machine.
- How will you machine a square cross-section in lathe?
- What are the different processes carried out on a lathe?
- What are CNC and DNC machines? Compare.
- What is the mode of manufacture of common articles like chairs, toothpaste tubes, and pens?
- What are different cutting tool materials and composition?
- Tell about cooling fluids and their functions.
- Differentiate between shaper and planer.
- Explain heat treatment processes.
- What do you mean by bending moment diagram? Explain its significance.
- What is Hook's law?
- What is Poisson's ratio? Between glass and rubber for which material it is more and why?
- Can Poisson's ratio be negative?
- Explain bending moment equation and torque equation.
- Explain crippling load with equations.
- What are the principal stresses and strains?
- What is Euler's theory?
- What is actor of safety and its significance in design and manufacturing?
- What is Endurance limit?
- How is flow measurement in pipe channel done?
- What is water hammer?
- What is the function of surge tank?
- Explain boundary layer theory and separation.
- What is Magnus effect?
- Explain Mach number and its significance.
- What is draft tube and explain its application?
- How does a centrifugal pump work?
- What is cavitation? What is its use?
- Explain the working of reciprocating pumps.
- Explain slip in reciprocating pumps?
- What is an air vessel and explain its functions?
- Explain the working of hydraulic ram, accumulator, lift.
- What is the function of pen stock?
- Apply Bernoulli's theorem to an aircraft.
- Compare the constructional details of a petrol and diesel engine.
- Which gear is used to obtain maximum speed ratio?
- Which law of thermodynamics is applicable when you inflate a tyre?
- Why isn't the earth expanding?
- Differentiate between absolute and kinematics viscosity?
- Is turbo charging possible in petrol engines?
- Explain mechatronics?
- Explain the various processes required to manufacture an air conditioner or a boiler.
- Draw the Fe-C equilibrium diagram.
- What are the different types of layouts?
- Which is the type of lighting best suited for Software Company?
- Tell about head and turbine for different types of hydroelectric stations.
- What electives have you taken and why?
- Where does the future of mechanical engineering lie?
- What is Six Sigma?
Some imp. topics-
Basics of thermodynamics such as air cycles, laws, and curves. Hydraulic machines, types of turbines, pumps, indicator diagrams etc., automobiles and engines (just basic stuff). Theory of machines, basic mechanisms, gyroscopes, flywheels, governor, differentials, gears etc. material science, Fe diagram, hardening, heat treatment etc.
I am a mechanical engineer and it has been 5 years since I finished my undergraduate degree.
I studied mechanical engineering after I compared and chose the most appealing subject to me. Also because my family has been doing business in the field of mechanical engineering. Now, coming clean I have to confess that I breezed through 4 years of studies without learning the basics well. Reasons could be many but I am at loss, a huge one. Nevertheless my academic records say that I have a distinction in my engineering.........you see the distinction now?!
What difference it would have made if I had
I am a mechanical engineer and it has been 5 years since I finished my undergraduate degree.
I studied mechanical engineering after I compared and chose the most appealing subject to me. Also because my family has been doing business in the field of mechanical engineering. Now, coming clean I have to confess that I breezed through 4 years of studies without learning the basics well. Reasons could be many but I am at loss, a huge one. Nevertheless my academic records say that I have a distinction in my engineering.........you see the distinction now?!
What difference it would have made if I had learnt the basics well, lets see, I would have felt like I have the power to create anything tangible in mechanical terms and most importantly I would have been a proud mechanical engineer (I am not one now, only because I am not sure of the basics of mechanical engineering).
I am stressing so much on the basics of only mechanical engineering because I landed a very good software job at a software company right after my degree......... I am just saying. I turned down the offer without much consideration. I have been partnering my family business and worked for 4 different companies just for the sake of gaining some exposure I usually say (1st-steel forgings manufacturers-2 months, 2nd-vehicle manufacturers-6 months, 3rd-ISO consulting-3 months and 4th-HR consulting-it does not even matter). The designation of each of these 4 different posts are insignificant because of the shameful shot term I have served. I am not saying I am just a hopeless mechanical engineer with a degree. I have benefited because of my bachelors degree, but the handicap I have because of not learning and remembering my basics well is, well, a handicap. The handicap is so bad that, soon I will be pursuing my masters this year (a gap of 5 years because of making poor career choices and not being sure of what exactly I wanted) and now I am making time to relearn most of the subjects I had taken during my bachelors. Well, I am trying my best.
I know many of my friends who are mechanical engineers and now senior software engineers and senior engineers in many different streams apart from mechanical and quite successful, but lets talk about the ones who had real passion for mechanical subjects (I am one but I strayed for a bit, again, reasons could be many). They all are well placed in great mechanical firms or doing very good research work in the field of mechanical engineering. I am 100% sure that they know their basics well. I see some sort of satisfaction in the work that they do. It is impossible to know everything, but I am damn sure it is very possible to work hard and learn just the basics of mechanical engineering well. Best done when it is meant to be done (during bachelors degree of course). I am saying this after looking at how much more the field of mechanical engineering has to offer. Just too much! Considering the width and breadth of the possibilities and the scope of mechanical engineering, after 5 years, only if I had worked harder and learnt the basics of mechanical engineering, the way it was meant to be learnt. Basics, it should be every mechanical engineer's prayer. Oh, atheists exempted.
So, all that a true mechanical engineer needs (must and should) to know is just the core basics of mechanical engineering. The very basics. If you do, you know you are a proud mechanical engineer. I am yet to be one and I have told you why.
The rest of the things which a mechanical engineer has to know based on the circumstances he or she is in, life will teach you, as if you were on autopilot to be a successful mechanical engineer.
If you try to stretch towards the horizon of this vast field of mechanical engineering to pin point one or few things that every mechanical engineer should know, well, good luck, see you after a life time.
For an Indian: Excelling the NCERT based conceptuals in Physics and Mathematics of standard 11 and 12, is basically everything you should need.
And then of course you have JEE as the decision maker.
This question is a bit open-ended, but if there is one thing every engineer should know, it is how to solve problems.
Solving problems is what engineering is all about - from making a toy which won't break if you drop it to building a skyscraper that can withstand an earthquake, every aspect of engineering involves being able to come up with workable solutions to solve a problem.
Things to be known as a Civil Engineering student...
Well, I assume you are an undergraduate student.
I would suggest you the following :
1. Always read the introduction part of your chapters well. It is not only for Civil Engineering, but all subjects that you read. I see a lot of people have habit of jumping to the thing they are looking for, important questions that might come in exams, topics they heard someone mentioning in the class, but they would skip the introduction.
2. From strength of materials, learn the various methods of shear force, moment and deflection calculations. For your in
Things to be known as a Civil Engineering student...
Well, I assume you are an undergraduate student.
I would suggest you the following :
1. Always read the introduction part of your chapters well. It is not only for Civil Engineering, but all subjects that you read. I see a lot of people have habit of jumping to the thing they are looking for, important questions that might come in exams, topics they heard someone mentioning in the class, but they would skip the introduction.
2. From strength of materials, learn the various methods of shear force, moment and deflection calculations. For your interview, remember the basic deflection and moment formulas, like the maximum bending moment for a beam with different end conditions, deflections for the same, the shape of deflected beam, how is the moment distribution along the beam etc.
3. From RCC, learn the typical reinforcement details you will have, say for a two storey RC building, for the various elements viz. beams, columns, footings. Ask yourself why the reinforcement is placed at those locations, learn the clear cover you would require for different environmental conditions. If you are in India, I would suggest to read IS 456 again and again whenever you have time. Also , learn the detailing at the junctions, say beam-column, footing -column , slab - beam etc.
3. From steel, one of the things I see students giving less importance is connection design. They are the most important part of the design and therefore, should be understood properly. Lear the basic connection details, bolted and welded, beam to column web, beam to column flange, column to base plate etc. And try to see how the force is transferring. Know the minimum thickness for various welds as per your local codes.
4. Know the basic design methods for seismic and wind forces.
5. Know the costs of steel (reinforcement, in per ton or per kg) , cement (per bag, or per m3), concrete ( per m3 ), shuttering (per m2) in your area. Also calculate and see how much kg of reinforcement (approx) per m3 of concrete is used up in a normal residential unit. These are questions a lot of people used to ask me when I was an undergraduate.
6. Measurements, in both SI units ( m, kg etc) and Imperial or US units ( feet, pounds etc) and their conversion . Basic things like density (unit weight) of concrete ( 150 pounds per cubic foot, 2400 kg/m3 or 24 kN/m3 ) , density of steel (7850 kg/m3 or 490 pounds per cubic foot) etc.
Have approximate ideas of lengths of various things. For this, always carry a 3 m basic tape with you and measure various things whenever you have time. With time, you will become good at approximating measurements by just looking at. This comes handy at site.
There are lot other things to know. Learn design software if you are interested in structural design, learn surveying , quantity estimation, highway (road) design basics etc.
Be curious .
Todo lo mejor :)
COPYLEFT & COPYRIGHT LICENSES
Copyleft Licenses:
Copyleft ensures that not only is the original source free, but that all
modifications must be made free, and permission is granted for all who follow in modifying that same program or document, provided they abide by these terms.
The freedoms are usually associated with Copyleft are:
1. Freedom to use the work
2. Freedom to study the work
3. Freedom to
COPYLEFT & COPYRIGHT LICENSES
Copyleft Licenses:
Copyleft ensures that not only is the original source free, but that all
modifications must be made free, and permission is granted for all who follow in modifying that same program or document, provided they abide by these terms.
The freedoms are usually associated with Copyleft are:
1. Freedom to use the work
2. Freedom to study the work
3. Freedom to copy and share the work with others
4. Freedom to modify the work &
5. Freedom to distribute modified and therefore derivative works.
Examples:
The Linux kernel (GPL), Mozilla Firefox (MPL, GPL and LGPL), MySQL community edition (GPL) & OpenSolaris (CDDL)
Copyright Licenses:
These exist in order to protect authors of documentation or software from
unauthorized copying or selling of their work. A copy...
1. Engineering is a business and all designs have a cost associated with them
2. There is no single right answer, but there are many wrong answers.
3. All solutions to real problems are approximations.
4. The client is a person, not an inanimate object.
5. Most of the job of engineering is about communication, not physical analysis.
One thing: keep learning. The moment you stop learning you will be obsolete.
In other words, what is “basic” today, may be obsolete in X years, so stop trying to get the minimal possible knowledge to become an engineer. Try to strive for the maximum possible knowledge.
P.S. All engineers take about two years worth of college-level “foundation classes,” typically physics, math, chemistry and some other basic courses in their field. Beyond that, it is all about their field of interest and their specialization in that field.
I once had a professor tell me the only things you needed to know are:
1) F = ma, and
2) You can't push a rope.
--------------------------------------------
Quora doesn't think this answer is helpful. It probably isn't, but I still think you could make a lot of decent derivations from these two facts. The course I took was mechanical dynamics, which involves some hard math around dynamic (moving) systems. Gears, pulleys, and other seemingly simple systems could end up being extremely complex.
Anyhow, here is a link because Quora says links make answers better: Ask Siri to beatbox for you right now.
I once had a professor tell me the only things you needed to know are:
1) F = ma, and
2) You can't push a rope.
--------------------------------------------
Quora doesn't think this answer is helpful. It probably isn't, but I still think you could make a lot of decent derivations from these two facts. The course I took was mechanical dynamics, which involves some hard math around dynamic (moving) systems. Gears, pulleys, and other seemingly simple systems could end up being extremely complex.
Anyhow, here is a link because Quora says links make answers better: Ask Siri to beatbox for you right now. Seriously, do it.
For me, the definition of engineering is owing your life to technology. The day you choose engineering, technology becomes your 1st priority and you have to live for it as well as die for it no matter what may come, its your sole purpose of life to build and strengthen or do better with the relationship of society and culture with science and technology and work for a trust in this relationship.
As discussed by Kalaam Sir, Engineering means to studying intellectual life for the purpose of improving no matter what and constituting to a brighter and better future.
Although some of the basic things
For me, the definition of engineering is owing your life to technology. The day you choose engineering, technology becomes your 1st priority and you have to live for it as well as die for it no matter what may come, its your sole purpose of life to build and strengthen or do better with the relationship of society and culture with science and technology and work for a trust in this relationship.
As discussed by Kalaam Sir, Engineering means to studying intellectual life for the purpose of improving no matter what and constituting to a brighter and better future.
Although some of the basic things you must know are:
1. Build up your work-equity:
Don't bother for marks (Never! But before securing a pass mark to avoid any backlog.) and even for the job because you will get the one if you bother for basics.
"If a colleague comes to you and asks you to do something extra, say 'yes.' It matters. A lot,"
From joining an NGO, Writing novels etc. etc. to being busy with start up ideas and projects, be busy with every damn f*cking thing possible.
2.Hone your basic engineering skills.
It simply means being able to track the problem.
How you approach problem-solving on other tasks matters a lot.
Be ready for everything and anything you are required, asked or needed for.
Build up a strong foundation by just filling what you left during 12 years or more of your previous academic career.
3. Know what you don't know. Then find someone who does.
This is critical at Lockheed, because you and we have to work as a team. You have to be able to identify the resources you need and then be ready to activate them.
4.Time, management and time-management
You surely know what I mean.
;-)
A lot of things, but I will recommend the following in order of importance..
1.
Experience with prototyping in lathe machine
, at least the knowledge of the process flow. Most important because modeling in software is easy, not making it in real life.
2.
Software for solid modeling
- Solidworks (easy to learn, lots of tutorials available)
3. Good knowledge of
basic mechanics, strength of materials or
A lot of things, but I will recommend the following in order of importance..
1.
Experience with prototyping in lathe machine
, at least the knowledge of the process flow. Most important because modeling in software is easy, not making it in real life.
2.
Software for solid modeling
- Solidworks (easy to learn, lots of tutorials available)
3. Good knowledge of
basic mechanics, strength of materials or fluid mechanics and mechanism design
.
4.
Presentation skills
- Microsoft ...
Brother the trick ??? Don’t seek for any trick instead here are the few points
- This college life is the only phase which can push to the heights irrespecticve of you past.
- Don’t fear of anything/anyone if you are right.
- Start from one thing and get involved in every activity, such as - dance, sing, play sports, party hard, go for competitions, travel and many more (except getting addicted to anything , you know what I am talking about)
- Talk to every kind of people optimistic as well as pessimistic but follow your own heart.
- Everything you do think how it will append to your existing knowledge and e
Brother the trick ??? Don’t seek for any trick instead here are the few points
- This college life is the only phase which can push to the heights irrespecticve of you past.
- Don’t fear of anything/anyone if you are right.
- Start from one thing and get involved in every activity, such as - dance, sing, play sports, party hard, go for competitions, travel and many more (except getting addicted to anything , you know what I am talking about)
- Talk to every kind of people optimistic as well as pessimistic but follow your own heart.
- Everything you do think how it will append to your existing knowledge and experience
- Don’t follow but try to find new ways everyday.
- Be innovative , you are going to be an engineer so from your hostel room to your classroom desk should be filled with ideas.
- Don’t seek anyone’s company if you are going to start anything, remember the lonely Lion’s strength.
- Who says fun and knowledge can’t go hand in hand, rather they are complimentary .
- In nutshell: Love, propose, get heart broken, again have a crush. Get abused; walk in rain; get involve in a fight; mark proxies; bunk classes; make a working model; compete with full strength; sing; dance ; act ; debate; attend conferences; manage people and shows; Make contacts as many as possible.
- But- Be unpredictive.
What is Mechanical Engineering?
What are Carnot Cycle, Otto Cycle, and Diesel Cycle?
Explain simple vapour compression cycle in refrigerator.
Which compressor is usually used in AC?
Why don't CI engines need a spark plug?
What are MPFI and TPFC systems?
State the laws of Thermodynamics.
Which is your favourite car and why?
Which is your favourite two-wheeler and why?
When we start a vehicle, exhaust smoke appears white. Why?What are the various thermodynamic systems?
What is triple point of water?What is an indicator diagram? What are the features and advantages?
How is it different fro
What is Mechanical Engineering?
What are Carnot Cycle, Otto Cycle, and Diesel Cycle?
Explain simple vapour compression cycle in refrigerator.
Which compressor is usually used in AC?
Why don't CI engines need a spark plug?
What are MPFI and TPFC systems?
State the laws of Thermodynamics.
Which is your favourite car and why?
Which is your favourite two-wheeler and why?
When we start a vehicle, exhaust smoke appears white. Why?What are the various thermodynamic systems?
What is triple point of water?What is an indicator diagram? What are the features and advantages?
How is it different from p-v diagram?
What is a differential and how does it work?
Explain 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines.
What are the differences between SI and CI engines?
What is the difference between turbo charging and supercharging?
What are knocking detonation and pre-ignition?
What are the preventive measures adopted?
What is meant by Jet Propulsion,Ramjet, Scramjet, Turbojet, Turboprop, and Turbo fan?
Explain common automobile specifications.
Explain refrigerator system.
What are the refrigerants used in refrigerators, AC, water coolers, walk-in coolers, and freezers?How are AC systems like window AC, split AC, and central AC different from each other?What are Heat Exchangers?
What are Conduction, Convection and Radiation?Explain the concept of a black body.
Explain Stephan-Boltzmann Laws, Kirchoff's Law, Planck's Law and Wien's Displacement Law.
Explain lubrication system in IC engines.
What is SAE?
How to identify two balls having same external radius and weight, one hollow and the other solid, of different materials?Explain the principle of Watt's Governor.
Differentiate between governor and fly wheel.
What are the different types of turbines and compressors?
What are the new trends in IC engine?
What do you know about CDI, ball piston, camless engines like GDI, VTEC?
How does the number of valves per cylinder affect the cycle?How can you differentiate between the inlet and outlet ports?
What is ABS, ESP, SBC, SOHC, and DOHC?
Explain different types of gears and their applications.
Certain vehicles can be started by keeping the gears engaged, while certain others cannot be - explain?
Tell us about different types of manufacturing processes.
How do you polish a ball bearing?
Differentiate between lathe and a milling machine.
How will you machine a square cross-section in lathe?
What are the different processes carried out on a lathe?
What are CNC and DNC machines? Compare.
What is the mode of manufacture of common articles like chairs, toothpaste tubes, and pens?
What are different cutting tool materials and composition?
Tell about cooling fluids and their functions.
Differentiate between shaper and planer.
Explain heat treatment processes.
What do you mean by bending moment diagram?Explain its significance.
What is Hook's law?
What is Poisson's ratio? Between glass and rubber for which material it is more and why?
Can Poisson's ratio be negative?Explain bending moment equation and torque equation.
Explain crippling load with equations.
What are the principal stresses and strains?
What is Euler's theory?
What is actor of safety and its significance in design and manufacturing?
What is Endurance limit?
How is flow measurement in pipe channel done?
What is water hammer?
What is the function of surge tank?
Explain boundary layer theory and separation.
What is Magnus effect?
Explain Mach number and its significance.
What is draft tube and explain its application?
How does a centrifugal pump work?
What is cavitation?
What is its use?
Explain the working of reciprocating pumps.
Explain slip in reciprocating pumps?
What is an air vessel and explain its functions?
Explain the working of hydraulic ram, accumulator, lift.
What is the function of pen stock?
Apply Bernoulli's theorem to an aircraft.
Compare the constructional details of a petrol and diesel engine.
Which gear is used to obtain maximum speed ratio?
Which law of thermodynamics is applicable when you inflate a tyre?
Why isn't the earth expanding?Differentiate between absolute and kinematics viscosity?
Is turbo charging possible in petrol engines?
Explain mechatronics?
Explain the various processes required to manufacture an air conditioner or a boiler.
Draw the Fe-C equilibrium diagram.
What are the different types of layouts?
Which is the type of lighting best suited for Software Company?Tell about head and turbine for different types of hydroelectric stations.
What electives have you taken and why?
Where does the future of mechanical engineering lie?What is Six Sigma?
Some imp. topics-
Basics of thermodynamics such as air cycles, laws, and curves. Hydraulic machines, types of turbines, pumps, indicator diagrams etc., automobiles and engines (just basic stuff). Theory of machines, basic mechanisms, gyroscopes, flywheels, governor, differentials, gears etc. material science, Fe diagram, hardening, heat treatment etc.
I know this is a tedious and could be even provoking. knowledge is immeasurable. Mechanical engg is like a world and I have mentioned about only few countries.
As a student, you should be thinking now about maximizing your job opportunities when you graduate, and starting a successful and rewarding career. Generally, you will do well if you have the following:
- A strong interest in technology and solving problems using it.
- An understanding of math and physics and applying them to practical problems
- Self-discipline to learn difficult topics and get good marks
- An interest to learn extra skills, like CAD and other engineering software
- An interest in keeping up with new technology as it develops
Apply these principles and you will do well.
- Newton's threee laws of motion(it is something that we have from 6-7 grade and till now we are learning.if u forgot these laws then god knows.....)
- C programming and java(its like their bread butter for all it and computer engineers and no matter what they must know it)
- Electrical wiring , safety and caliberation (thats the most common question people ask to engineers and if they don't know then their engineering degree has no value.(ghar par kaam karne waala Electrician ko bhi wooo sab aata hai )
- Basic concept and defination about every terms,their formulae and theoram
- Communication skills (well
- Newton's threee laws of motion(it is something that we have from 6-7 grade and till now we are learning.if u forgot these laws then god knows.....)
- C programming and java(its like their bread butter for all it and computer engineers and no matter what they must know it)
- Electrical wiring , safety and caliberation (thats the most common question people ask to engineers and if they don't know then their engineering degree has no value.(ghar par kaam karne waala Electrician ko bhi wooo sab aata hai )
- Basic concept and defination about every terms,their formulae and theoram
- Communication skills (well that the odd term but still we engineers are lacking in those thing its like we are losing our upper hand.without no proper communication all our brain either remains in our brain or else go to dump)
- Patience ( if u r not patience with your work then work will not patience with u and u will get no output else fucked)
A few things that you should know about civil engineering-
1- Whatever you study for 4 years in college stays in college, sites don't function under ideal conditions.
2- Marks do matter. If you want to join some reputed MNC, you need to have a high GPA.
3-Hardly any core companies come for campus recruitment.
4- When you'll graduate you'll realise that there are thousands of others with same /higher qualifications as you and you need to compete with them in order to succeed.
5- When placed don't expect to start off with a fancy salary package. You'll start at a comparitively lesser packages than wh
A few things that you should know about civil engineering-
1- Whatever you study for 4 years in college stays in college, sites don't function under ideal conditions.
2- Marks do matter. If you want to join some reputed MNC, you need to have a high GPA.
3-Hardly any core companies come for campus recruitment.
4- When you'll graduate you'll realise that there are thousands of others with same /higher qualifications as you and you need to compete with them in order to succeed.
5- When placed don't expect to start off with a fancy salary package. You'll start at a comparitively lesser packages than what students of other trades get.
6- If you want to gain practical knowledge of site functioning start talking to the head masons. They are the most experienced person at any site.
7- Never trust a contractor who's working for your projects, he'll do everything possible to get the profit out of the situation.
8-Site engineering is one of the most difficult as well as most interesting job you'll ever get.
9- You can leave other softwares but knowledge of AutoCAD is a must. Usually all structural drawings are in AutoCAD.
10- Be in touch with the latest innovations and technologies in the field of civil engineering.
11- Your technical skills do matter, but what matters most is your goodwill with your seniors and juniors. Many a times your healthy relationship with bosses/juniors/contractor will save your ass for the day in the private sector.
Good question!
All electrical engineers must know following things:
I would like to start with generation then transmission, distribution & at last utilization of electricity.
1. Basics of electricity generation technologies including conventional & non-conventional ways of electricity generation. Knowledge of different factors e.g. load factor, demand factor, etc.
2. Transmission & distribution volt
Good question!
All electrical engineers must know following things:
I would like to start with generation then transmission, distribution & at last utilization of electricity.
1. Basics of electricity generation technologies including conventional & non-conventional ways of electricity generation. Knowledge of different factors e.g. load factor, demand factor, etc.
2. Transmission & distribution voltage levels & their classification. Models of transmission lines (pi, T,etc.) their analysis. One should also know about basics of HVDC transmission. FACTS(Flexible AC Transmission System)
3. Laws, theorems & basic rules: Circuit analysis: Ohm’s law, Kirchoff’s Current & Voltage law, Maximum Power Transfer Theorem. Electro-magnetism & electromagnetic induction: Dot & cross convention, right hand thumb rule, Fleming’s left & right hand rules, types of emf induction.
4. Concept of impedance & admittance. Different types of loads (R, RL, RC, RLC); their series & parallel connections along with phasor diagrams.
5. Types of powers i.e. Active, Reactive, Apparent & complex power.
6. Concept of power factor; effects of different types of loads on power factor.
7. Types of supply & load connections: Basics of single phase & three phase connections such as star & delta connections, voltage & current relations in balanced star & delta connected loads.
8. Working principles of DC motors (shunt, series, compound) & knowledge of their charact...
To study mechanical engineering
Firstly, you should be interested in physics.
In mechanical engineering you'll learn everything about physics, machines, robotics and everything related to that.
I'll suggest you to do whatever you're interested in, just do that with great love and explore!
In my experience, math. Be fluent in trigonometry (and all levels below, naturally algebra, etc.). Pre-calc will help (as would calc if they teach that in high school), but again in my experience, calc is just where one started.
Everything else, they’ll teach you in college. Naturally, the main purpose of college is to teach you stuff.
Let's begin with inductors. When a current flows through a conductor, both an electric field and a magnetic field form around the conductor. Wrapping the conductor into a coil concentrates these fields. Putting that coil around an iron core concentrates them even further. The pickups on an electric guitar are small coils through which a small current flows. The guitar strings are also conductors, and they are placed close to the pickups. (Gut strings don't work on electric guitars.) When the string vibrates in the electric/magnetic field of the pickup coil, it affects the current flowing
Let's begin with inductors. When a current flows through a conductor, both an electric field and a magnetic field form around the conductor. Wrapping the conductor into a coil concentrates these fields. Putting that coil around an iron core concentrates them even further. The pickups on an electric guitar are small coils through which a small current flows. The guitar strings are also conductors, and they are placed close to the pickups. (Gut strings don't work on electric guitars.) When the string vibrates in the electric/magnetic field of the pickup coil, it affects the current flowing through the pickup, at the frequency of the vibrating string. What's that good for?
Well, that signal, quite small, is used to control the amplifier. Amplifiers use either transistors or tubes (or both). Think of a transistor or tube as a variable valve controlling the flow of water. When they were first invented, the British called amplifier tubes "valves." A small signal at a valve knob results in a big change of flow through the valve itself. The "knob" of a transistor is known at its base. On an amplifier tube, it's called the grid. The signal applied to the grid or the base controls a much, much larger current flow through the transistor or tube. That power then goes to another inductor, the coil of wire that is the driver for a speaker. It has an iron core that is attached to the speaker cone. That large current flow causes the speaker cone to move - visibly if the power level is high enough.
Too loud? That's where resistors come in. Resistors are called that because they resist the flow of current in a wire, and decrease the size of the signal. Applied in the circuit for the transistor base, resistors can be pretty small to have a relatively large effect (the adjustment potentiometers on the guitar body or on the amplifier itself.)
Inductors serve another purpose - they store energy in the electromagnetic field that forms around them when current is flowing. If the power forcing current through one suddenly disappears, the current does not stop immediately. The field around the inductor collapses, and that collapsing field provides power to maintain current flow, at least for a little while. So an inductor resists an instantaneous change in current.
A capacitor is essentially two sheets of conductive material separated by a very small distance, usually by some insulating material. Think two sheets of aluminum foil with a layer of Saran wrap between them, then rolled up into a tight tube. The two sheets are called plates, and when you apply a power source to them, electric charge builds up on one of the plates. This produces an electric field between the two plates. Remove the power source, and this charge remains. Connect the two plates together, and the charge will flow until both sides are balanced and there's no longer an electric field. Capacitors store power in an electric field, and resist an instantaneous change in voltage.
So a capacitor resists instantaneous changes in voltage, inductors resist instantaneous changes in current, and resistors simply resist current flow. These three devices, when properly sized, can be made into circuits that can manipulate current flow in very controlled ways. By altering the capacitance, inductance, and resistance of a circuit, the signal coming from a guitar pickup can be altered significantly - the frequency can be changed, the SHAPE of the wave can be changed, the strength of the signal can be altered, and then fed into an amplifier to give you the sound you want.
There's a lot more, but that's the minimal basics.
Making effective use of internet to run your program and get the desired results.. believe me using this you can complete any project. And also be ready to take help from others. Be shameless when it comes to learning and yes, if you have had enough ragging,, surviving in this competitive world won't be tough for you.
All the best
Craig, my simple advice is to remember engineering is a vocation as much as a career.
Sadly I see people aspiring to be engineers because they believe it brings prestige, money, worldly success. It can do this but for every ‘successful‘ engineer there are hundreds of others not successful or even finding it hard to get jobs.
Since graduating as a Mechanical Engineer I have always worked in engineering. Not always my discipline. (A little secret here, it is easier to excel as a mechanical engineer in an engineering discipline which is not mechanical!)
For a good part of my career my pay was poor.
Craig, my simple advice is to remember engineering is a vocation as much as a career.
Sadly I see people aspiring to be engineers because they believe it brings prestige, money, worldly success. It can do this but for every ‘successful‘ engineer there are hundreds of others not successful or even finding it hard to get jobs.
Since graduating as a Mechanical Engineer I have always worked in engineering. Not always my discipline. (A little secret here, it is easier to excel as a mechanical engineer in an engineering discipline which is not mechanical!)
For a good part of my career my pay was poor. Respect of the profession did not exist - I am British. My career took off when I went to the US. I never had a career plan except to food on the table. Someone asked me once how I managed to get the job I currently have which is highly rewarding both vocationally and financially and I said I have absolutely no idea. Nothing to do with me but all down to the grace of God.
Newtonian Mechanics. First Law, 2nd Law, 3rd Law. Especially 3rd Law. The most misunderstood law of the 3. Statics/Dynamics. Momentum. Vibration.
Conservation of energy & mass.
Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer. First Law, 2nd law. Heat Transfer via convection, conduction, Radiation. The concept of Nusselt Numbers, Biot Numbers.
Fluid mechanics. Bernoulli Equations. How to think in terms of Control volume. Lagrange vs Eulerian. Derivation of Navier Stokes. How it reduces to Bernoulli equation in the simplest case. Reynolds number. Friction Factor. Laminar Flow. Turbulent Flow and the related corre
Newtonian Mechanics. First Law, 2nd Law, 3rd Law. Especially 3rd Law. The most misunderstood law of the 3. Statics/Dynamics. Momentum. Vibration.
Conservation of energy & mass.
Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer. First Law, 2nd law. Heat Transfer via convection, conduction, Radiation. The concept of Nusselt Numbers, Biot Numbers.
Fluid mechanics. Bernoulli Equations. How to think in terms of Control volume. Lagrange vs Eulerian. Derivation of Navier Stokes. How it reduces to Bernoulli equation in the simplest case. Reynolds number. Friction Factor. Laminar Flow. Turbulent Flow and the related correlations.
And application of calculus to all of the above.
Tools such as Free body diagram, velocity triangle, vectors math, etc.
Make sure you really understand it. Don’t just memorize them.
Good luck!!
- Every big problem is made up of multiple little problems: break it down and solve the little ones to solve the big one.
- Know your materials.
- Thermal Energy flows from Hot to Cold
- F = mA
- Basic Math
- You can’t push on a rope.
- Non-engineers will never understand it the same way you do.