JavaScript will continue to dominate for the foreseeable future

If I knew what I know now, and were learning to code from scratch today, here's what I'd learn:

1. HTML - the structure of web pages
2. CSS - the visual style of web pages
3. Bootstrap - a "responsive design" tool that helps your websites look great on tablets and phones
4. jQuery/Ajax - an easy tool for controlling content in the browser
5. Chrome DevTools - a tool for understanding and debugging websites, right in your browser
6. JavaScript - the one programming language that all web browsers use
7. Common algorithms - step-by-step recipes for getting things done
8. Agile - a set of software development principles that focus the design and production of a project on the needs of its users
9. Git - a version control system for saving and sharing your projects
10. Either a popular relational database like PostgreSQL or a popular non-relational database like MongoDB
11. Node.js - an event-driven platform for creating web servers and scalable network applications.
12. Express.js - a powerful web development framework
13. Chai.js or Jasmin.js for testing
14. Angular.js or React.js are nice-to-haves, though you'd be amazed how much you can accomplish just by using jQuery!

There are a ton of free resources for learning all of these technologies (http://blog.freecodecamp.com/2015/06/25-free-resources-for-new-javascript-developers.html), including Free Code Camp. Good luck!

Update April 9, 2015:

The Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2015 just came out. Of 26,000 developers, 30% self-identified as full stack developers. Here are the technologies respondents used: