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Overview :

It is an infectious disease characterized by fever and renal failure with Hemorrhagic manifestations

Etiology :

1. Causing agent - Genus Hantavirus
2. Hemorrhogic fever is caused by 3 hantaviruses
1. Pumala virus
2. Pobrava virus
3. Sareemaa virus
3. Mechanism of Transmission - Bites of infected rodents (fecal- oral)

Clinical Features :

1. Incubation period : 4-40 days
2. Temperature : more than 40°C
3. Headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
4. Chills, dizziness, increased thirst
5. Fever, hemorrhage, renal insufficiency

Diagnosis :

1. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) is useful in detecting anti-hantaviral specific immunoglobin M(IgM)
2. Blood findings reveals clinically significant leuckocytosis, elevated hematocrit level and thrombocytopenia(low level platelet)
3. Urine test reveals albuminuria(High amount of plasma protien Albumin in blood), microhematuria(microscopic amounts of blood in urine)

Treatment :

1. Anti-viral therapy - Ribavirin (1g)
2. Anti-vomiting - Paspertin (20 mg)
3. Hyperpyrexia - Corticosteroids (Dexamethasone, 5-10 mg)
4. Supplement blood volume - Crystalloid fluids and colloidal fluids containing glucose, electrolytes and vitamins
5. Ringer`s solution - Normal saline solution