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Definition :

It is an infectious disease characterized by principal damage of mucous membrane of distal section of large intestine.

Etiology :

1. Causative agent : Genus - Shigella, Family - Enterobacteria
2. Gram negative, Non-motile & Non-encapsulated

Epidemiology :

1. Source of infection - Infected patients
2. Mechanism of transmission - Fecal-Oral
3. Consuming of contaminated water & food stuff (Breads, Soft drinks, fruits, vegetables,)
4. Flies can play supplementary role

Clinical Features :

1. Incubation period : 2–5 days
2. Temperature : 38–39° C
3. Pain in the lower stomach
4. Stool - Mucus with blood(5–10 times/day)
5. Catarrhic inflammation of mucous membrane with erosions and hemorrhages
6. Weakness & dizziness
7. Symptoms of gastroenteritis
8. Vomiting and Diarrhea

Diagnosis :

1. Bacteriological and Serological Method are used

Treatment :

1. Antibiotic - Ampicillin or Polymyxin(When these two dont work, then use ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin combined with gentamicin)
2. For intoxication & Rehydration - Quartasault or Lactosault
3. Preparation of furazolidon, nefuroxaside 0.1 g 4 times a day