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Overview :

It is an infectious disease characterized by high fever of different duration, development of status typhosis, Hepatosplenomegaly, Lesions of organs of gastrointestinal tract.

Etiology :

1. Causative agent - Salmonella typhi, Genus Salmonella, Family Enterobacteria
2. They are non-spore forming and are motile
3. They have Somatic(O) antigens, Flagella(H) antigens
4. Salmonella organisms grown on the media with addition of bile
5. They will survive for 2–25 days in food products

Epidemiology :

1. Source of infection - Infected man
2. Mechanism of transmission - Fecal-Oral
3. Factors of transmission - Water, milk, food stuff(Eggs)
4. Flies can play supplementary role

Clinical Features :

1. Incubation Period : 10–14 Days
2. Temperature : 39–40° C
3. Headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
4. Skin is pale with rashes
5. Cough and sore throat
6. Status typhorus, Hepatosplenomegaly, lesions of organs of gastrointestinal tract

Complication :

1. Myocarditis
2. Hyperpyrexia
3. Hepatic and Bone marrow damage
4. Meningitis, Endocarditis, Arthritis

Diagnosis :

1. Serological Method
2. Anti-microbial therapy may also impede immunological response

Treatment :

1. Antibiotics - Levomycetin (0.5g 4 times a day in tablets)
1. If levomycetin cant be taken(in case of nausea or vomiting), Levomycetin succinate in bottles (0.5ml) is given intra muscularly.
2. If not treated, Ampicillin, Ciproflaxin, Ofloxacin is prescribed.
2. During antibiotic therapy intestinal dysbacteriosis may develop - In this case Difidumbacterin, lactobacterin are prescribed
3. Intoxicatoin - Water juices, 5% solution of NaCl, solution of glucose
4. Prednisilone (30–60 mg/day)
5. In allergic reactions - Calci gluconate, dimedrol, diprazin, loratidin are prescribed
6. In case of Intestinal bleeding - Ascorbic acid in tablets, Hypertonic soultion of NaCl (5–10 ml Intravenously), infusion of blood.
7. Infectional-toxic shock - Dofamin, prednisilone, quartasoult, or lactasoult in vein
8. Intestinal wall perforation - Surgical