Chinese history is as vivid as Indian history. Both the neighbors were separated by the mighty Himalayas but experienced quite a similar turn of events.

The Chinese civilization started in the Yellow River valley and then it shifted to the more fertile Southern Yangtze river valley. Similarly, Indian civilization started from the Indus Saraswati region and then it shifted to the more fertile Gangetic river valley in the southeast.

The imperial period:

The first major Chinese dynasty was the Qin dynasty whose ruler King Zheng expanded the empire to the South facing stiff resistance from the tribals of the area. However, the empire disintegrated with his death. This can be related with its Indian contemporary Mauryan empire and Emperor Ashoka who faced stiff resistance when he tried to annex Kalinga in the South. Mauryan empire also started disintegrating with Ashoka’s death. China receives its present name from the Qin dynasty. Similarly, present India inherits several legacies of the Mauryan empire like Ashok Chakra.

The Classical Ages:

The next major Chinese dynasty was the Tang dynasty. This was the period of huge scientific advancements like the invention of Gunpowder. The second emperor, Taizong became a role model for the future emperors of China. He successfully defeated the encroaching Turks. This period is comparable to its Indian contemporary, The Gupta Dynasty. This was a period of great cultural and scientific advancements. The second emperor, Samadragupta became one of the legendary kings who remained undefeated throughout their reign and ousted the Greeks who had settled in India.

(Read more about Guptas: Ankit Pandey's answer to What's your favorite historical period in Indian history?)

Entry of the invaders:

One of the biggest headaches for the Chinese were the Mongolian Xiongnu. The Chinese great wall was constructed to protect China from the continuous invasions of this tribe. Finally, they were unable to sustain the onslaught on the Mongols and were defeated. During this period, the Chinese faced one of the biggest slaughter in their history and the Chinese population halved. Mongol warlord Kublai Khan consolidated the Yuan dynasty in China. Similarly in India after failing for years to encroach into India, the Turks and Arabs were finally able to capture a sizeable part of North India establishing the Delhi Sultanate.

Population explosion:

From humble beginnings rose a Chinese dynasty that was to be ruled by seventeen emperors over a period of 276 years. This was the Ming dynasty which replaced the Yuan dynasty. The population of China doubled during this period and constituted around 30% of the entire population of the world. Its Indian contemporaries were the Mughals whose first ruler was a small defeated chieftain who successfully uprooted the Northern lords of India with his superior arms technology (gunpowder). The population of India boomed during this period and constituted around 25% of the world population. Both the dynasties were later ruled by weak rulers who were unable to control the rebellions.

Your Answer :)

Qing dynasty was formed by a successful unification of various Manchu clans who served Mings. Similarly, Marathas before Shivaji were divided into several clans who were in service of different Sultans. Shivaji successfully united them and the Maratha empire was formed which like Qing was the last imperial dynasty of India.

An Interesting fact:

These 5 dynasties which I have mentioned above- Mauryas, Guptas, Sultanate, Mughals and Marathas were the only dynasties which were able to rule more than 50% of Indian landmass.

Hope you liked the answer!!