Drugs~

Everything.

Even the great things to come will be shadowed by the loss of my second baby boy. Come back, Turn around, Answer! Restore yourself. Rewind the days. Start that day over. One more chance.

The pleas fall silent.

What my heart hears is: I'm sorry Mom. I'm sorry Ben. I didn’t mean for that to happen. I though it was the same dose as usual. I fucked up or something. I love you. I'm so sorry.

What I want to hear is: I'm happy now. Its peaceful. I will wait for you here and it will all make sense.

From a single push, almost a lateral racing dive out of my body to 29 years later a wooden box lowered into the ground.

How am I to understand this?

That's what's wrong. That's what is the matter.

Anything that occupy space and has mass is called matter.Ex-stone,pen etc

Even air is alo matter because it occupy space.

Ancient philosphers classified matter into five types called panch tatva :-

1.air

2.water

3.earth

4.sky

5.fire

Modern scientists classified matter into two parts :-

1.physical

2.chemical

On the basis of physical property matter is classified into three types:-

1.solid

2.liquid

3.gas

On the basis of chemical property matter is classified into three types :-

1.element

2.compound

3.mixture

Anything in this universe is made up of particles.A small drop of water contain 10^21

Particles are made up of atoms and molecules.

Characteristics of matter are :-

1.particles of matter are very small.

2.particles of matter are constantly moving.

3.particles of matter have space between them.

4.particles of matter attract each other.

I hope it helps:) Thanks

Matter is stuff. It’s usually visible, tangible, sometimes you can even smell it. As to usage, matter normally belongs to scientific vocabulary, though it’s not a super-technical word. If I wanted to say “stuff” (something I can see but I forget the name of, for example), I wouldn’t substitute “matter”. It would make me sound like a doctor or scientist.

Matter is sometimes opposed to spirit. Spirit is defined as — that which is not matter. It’s not material. You can neither touch, smell, nor taste it, nor can you hear or see spirit. For some people, it’s in our heads. For others, in our bodies as well. For some, it doesn’t exist. For some, it resides in animals, plants, and even in inanimate objects. Thus, matter can contain spirit, but spirit cannot contain matter!

One way we use the word is to describe our brain as “gray matter.” “I don’t have enough gray matter to figure out that problem.”

Matter is a substance that has inertia and occupies physical space. According to modern physics, matter consists of various types of particles, each with mass and size.

The most familiar examples of material particles are the electron, the proton and the neutron. Combinations of these particles form atoms. There are more than 100 different kinds of atoms, each kind constituting a unique chemical element. A combination of atoms forms a molecule. Atoms and/or molecules can join together to form a compound.

Matter can exist in several states, also called phases. The three most common states are known as solid, liquid and gas. A single element or compound of matter might exist in more than one of the three states, depending on the temperature and pressure. Less familiar states of matter include plasma, foam and Bose-Einstein condensate. These states occur under special conditions.

Different kinds of matter can combine to form substances that may not resemble any of the original ingredients. For example, hydrogen (a gaseous element) and oxygen (another gaseous element) combine to form water (a liquid compound at room temperature). The process of such combination is called a chemical reaction. A chemical reaction involves interactions between the electrons of the atoms, but does not affect the nuclei of the atoms.

In some situations, matter is converted into energy by atomic reactions, also known as nuclear reactions. This type of reaction is fundamentally different from the chemical reaction because it involves changes in the nuclei of atoms. The most common example of an atomic reaction is the hydrogen fusion that occurs inside the sun. The immense pressure inside the sun, and inside other stars, forces atoms of hydrogen together to form atoms of helium. In this process, some of the mass is converted to energy according to the formula

E = mc

2

where E is the energy in joules, m is the mass in kilograms, and c is the speed of light, which is approximately 2.99792 x 10

8

meters per second in a vacuum.

In recent years, scientists have confirmed the existence of a substance called antimatter. The electron has an antiparticle twin called a positron, with equal mass but opposite electric charge. Similarly, the proton has an antimatter twin called an antiproton, and the neutron has an antimatter twin called an antineutron. If a particle of matter encounters its antiparticle, both are converted entirely to energy according to the above formula, where m is the combined mass of the particle and the antiparticle. Small amounts of antimatter have been isolated in laboratory conditions, but no one has yet succeeded in creating a controlled a matter/antimatter reaction, or even an uncontrolled reaction of significant size.

Pets provide companionship, bring joy to our lives, give us affection, and we share our homes, our food, and our lives with them and do everything we can to ensure their well-being and happiness. Only humans can bond so closely with members of other species and make animals part of their family.

Post JuzChat

2/25/24

Your question is one I intended to answer but near impossibility of writing answers on cell phones required I write it elsewhere: What is matter ultimately made of? and there is a similar question here: What is the difference between mass and matter?

Anyway, to save you a "click" I copied what is relevant.

MATTER

An Analogy for Beginners: Imagine a guitar with 17 strings and we pluck one of the strings.

A string represents a fundamental quantum field. The musical note you get from exciting the string, say G#, is a particle. All vibrating strings have energy, and if the energy moves slower than the speed of light, we give this energy the name "mass." Our guitar has 17 strings because there are 17 fundamental fields discovered so far (see below). Of the 17 strings, 12 of them play matter notes and 5 play non-matter notes (the difference explained in definitions section).

We can play chords on our guitar; let's play a chord called "the proton." This chord requires 3 matter notes: 2 called "up quark" and one called "down quark." In order to combine our 3 quarks into the beautiful sounding proton, we need many other notes called gluons which do exactly what their name suggests and glues the quarks together. There is also a string called the Higgs, and quark notes will resonate with the Higgs string causing it vibrate and these couple in such a way that the quarks and thus the whole proton moves slower than light. The gluon notes do not vibrate the Higgs string.

The "mass" of the proton is the sum of all the energies of this entire vibrating mess, including all the light speed notes and less-than-light-speed parts; this is because the light speed parts are contained inside the slower than light proton. About 98% of the mass is associated with the gluon field and about 2% is from Higgs field.

NOTES: Guitar strings are made of metal or nylon, quantum fields are not made of anything. I used the word "string" and so do string theorists, but those strings are different. Nowhere do I say "Higgs note or particle" that is because while the Higgs field can resonate with, ie couple to, some other fields (not all) the Higgs field can play its own note called the "Higgs boson." The collective descriptions of Higgs couplings and the Higgs boson is properly called the Higgs mechanism.

DEFINITIONS

Matter, the definition: Matter is any excitation of a quantum "matter field" or collections of such excitations. This includes, but is not limited to, all fermionic particles, nuclei, atoms, molecules, solids, liquids and gases.

Matter, its defining characteristic: Matter particles can be used as building blocks, they are the LEGO bricks of the universe. Non-matter particles can occupy in the same place at the same time (technically, occupy the same quantum state) and any number of them can get packed into an arbitrarily small volume. In the guitar analogy, waves on the string can overlap (ie superposition). Matterparticles cannot do this: matter particles cannot occupy the same place at the same time, but they can sit next to each other, need larger volumes and therefore can be used to build the structures in our universe. Matter is a description of behavior - not a fundamental quantity. Matter is that behavior of, for example quarks and electrons, that allows them to be built up into giraffes, computers, carbon dioxide, and planets: "A house built out of photons cannot stand."

NOTE: It is acceptable to use "matter" in a non-rigorous context in an everyday way to mean "stuff," as in the term "dark matter." It's also acceptable to do this with energy too: If I say "I don't have the energy to wash the laundry today;" energy in this context is referring to my emotional state and not to a particular symmetry of my Lagrangian (a technical way physicists define energy).

MASS

1. The technical definition: For an object or system, the mass is a relativistic invariant quantity equal to the pseudo norm of its momentum 4-vector.
2. A non-technical definition: Mass is the name we give to all the energy and momentum, added together, that is inside of an object.
   

The Connection: The 2 definitions above seem sufficiently dissimilar to merit an explanation. Each particle in some system of particles has a 4 component vector that describes its energy and momentum. There exists a way in relativistic dynamics to add the components of the particles in such a way as to get the mass of that system. This is impossible in practice when there are trillions upon trillions of particles, so we determine the mass of an object using one of energy's other properties: inertia and gravitation.

The Big Question Is...
If mass and matter are fundamentally different, the how can they be converted into each other?

THEY CAN'T -They are completely and fundamentally different!

1. Mass is a relativistic invariant quantity
2. Matter is a description of a particular type of behavior.

However... particles are excitations of quantum fields, which have energy, momentum and other properties and these quantities can be transferred to other quantum fields (minding appropriate conservation laws of course!).

A simple example: An electron and anti-electron annihilate each other and produce a pair of gamma ray photons.
The Analogy: The electron and anti-electron are excitations on a quantum field (notes on the guitar). When they interact they annihilate each other, which is a fancy way of saying that all their energy (and other defining properties) got transferred to a different guitar string or strings, and in this example the energy transferred to the electromagnetic quantum field) which produces excitations on that field we call photons.

The disappearance and creation of particles is just the shuffling of energy between fields. If some of those particles happen to move slower than photons, then part of their energy is called "mass." If some of those particles happen to have non-integer spin, then they are called "matter." No connection between them, the physics of particle interactions is dependent on conservation laws and not to the before and after amounts of mass or matter.

Here's a table of the fundamental particles; the 6 green and 6 purple are the matter particles. It's only the Generation I particles that factor into everyday matter.

Matter has no formal definition. The word ‘matter’ used to be equivalent to mass, but that changed when mass-energy equivalence was validated.

Chemists right now informally define matter as being only the nucleons. By nucleons, I mean ONLY the protons and neutrons.

This sits well by me as a physicist. If one only counts the nucleons in a substance, then the mass of the nucleons approximates the mass of the substance. So the conservation of matter is still valid AS AN APPROXIMATION useful for chemists.

Note that even chemists won’t formally define matter this way. Its just that in their articles and textbooks they tend to use it this way.

Physicists tend to use the word matter willy nilly. I would rather they didn’t. However, I am not authorized to speak for the rest of my tribe.

So I define matter merely as being nucleons. When someone asks me how much matter is in the container, I count the protons and neutrons in the container ONLY.

Lots of Bollywood actress are there who wore g string panty in some movie also in bollywood and south indian both movies and I can say almost all actress wear g string panty when they wear tight mini skirt coz only 2 option are there when they wear mini skirt either go g string or thong or go without panty for hiding panty lines but some of them got flashesh and thier thong or panty strip seen , but I think kareena kapoor is on the top in the list for wearing g string and thong many times …

1. Kareena Kapoor, she wear black g string in ashoka movie 2001 you can see there is one song and she wear g string thong also in ajnabee movie 2001 in bath tub seen with Bobby deoal, in another tv presentation show you can see her black g string strip upon her Jean's so I can say kareena kapoor is the actress who wear g string mostly in bollywood movies. May be she mostly wear g string panty among all other indian actress.and I think she was in habit of wearing g string all time in 2001 as she has been seen total 7 times wearing g string within movie and out of movie.
2. South indian actress Anushka shetty she wear white g string thong in one south indian movie it can be seen.
3. South indian actress swarnamalya wear light sky blue colour g string panty you can see in a fighting seen her panty clearly exposed and it can be seen in that movie
4. In south indian movie billa bro actress namitha wear black g string low waist thong and its exposed clearly it can be seen.
5. actress urvashi rautela she also wear t back g string panty in movie hate story series 4.,, so I can say that now its little normal to wear g string panty in Bollywood movie and south indian movie for few actress but still lots of actress dont wear g string in movie at all but I can say in my view kareena kapoor is on the top as for wearing g string panties in movie…

Another proposal

Mario Vázquez Reyna, Vázquez-Reyna (1998), says the following: matter is what exists and constitutes in a real and objective way the bodies that generate immeasurable space.

Matter exists in the form of atoms [1] not yet well known, which are the primal particles that carry all the fundamental properties of matter. This proposition is a working hypothesis that should receive subsequent experimental confirmation.

The question of the properties of matter is approached with the analysis of its manifestations to find those that have a general character, in the sense that they are present in all the matter.

What is observed is that everything is in movement (dynamic), but that in most of the matter that is perceived, there is the tendency to rest (static). This is the starting point of this analysis.

This observation suggests the existence of matter with one of the two properties mentioned. The dynamic or the static. This is a critical issue since it determines a drastic change in the concept of what exists.

According to this notion, matter is not only the mass, what weighs, but also what is, what generates the movement and is dynamic in all its manifestations.

It is proposed, then, that this that generates movement, is something that can legitimately be called matter, one of whose properties is energy, which is now measured by the work done. Once it acts. That matter with energy will be called DYNAMIC MATTER, hereafter. It is conceived as what generates the dynamic and vital forces of nature and as the responsible or cause of the totality of the energetic and vital phenomena, and of the constitution and behavior of dynamic and non-living living beings and of the evolutionary phenomenon.

If this to which it is proposed to be matter with energy must be matter, then it must also possess, at least, the property of being extensive.

In the same way, the mass with matter is recognized with inertia, which is why it opposes the change of movement and the movement itself. This matter with inertia will be called STATIC MATTER, hereafter. It is conceived as what generates the static and opposite forces to life in nature and as responsible or cause of the totality of inert and contrary to life phenomena, and of the construction and behavior of beings antagonistic to life, and the evolutionary phenomenon. It also has the property of being extensive.

The observation of the behavior of the matter that surrounds us, which is recognized in this work, as the mixture of the two classes of matter that have been proposed, leads to propose as property of these, the following: Generation of space (Extension ), Generation of movement (energy), Generation of rest (Inertia), Interaction between atoms and Integral association between atoms.

This proposition has many far-reaching consequences that modify in their essence the concept of the universe, if it is seen from the present point of view.

Consider, for example, the situation in relation to the principles of conservation of energy and mass.

For physicists and chemists what matters, from the point of view of their scientific interests, is that such principles are fulfilled, regardless of their implications relative to the same energy and mass. Therefore, it is convenient to examine these implications closely.

Of course, an idea already contained in conservation principles is that energy is transformed, and that adopts forms different from each other, in terms of its observable manifestation. However, this process of transformation is always obscure, they are considered to be matters of philosophy, rather than of physics or chemistry; but in reality they turn out to be of the same kind of problem as that of the origin of the universe.

On the other hand, it is necessary to note that the relationship between matter and its properties, as they are considered as such to energy and mass, is not the same in both cases, in the scheme of thought that develops, since the Energy is considered a property of dynamic matter, and mass is static matter in a given evolutionary state, one of whose properties is inertia, which turns out to be the corresponding property of static matter, opposed to energy. We see then that the concept of dynamic matter does not exist in contemporary scientific knowledge. Mention must be made of the situation, in order to introduce the necessary order in terms of the use of the fears that are treated.

Thus, in this work, from now on, we will talk about dynamic matter when referring to energy and static matter when talking about mass.

The principles of conservation imply the properties of non-creation and non-destruction of the physical entity to which they are applied. These properties are mentioned in another way, stating that energy and mass are uncreated and are indestructible, implying that they had no beginning and will have no end. What these qualities have, by calling them in some way, is qualified by the adjective "eternal".

But now it is known, and is mentioned in this way because it requires reasoning, that the mass participates in the constitution of matter whose characteristics we can measure or ponder, with our senses or with instruments in the finite, well-defined and small portions, which they are called elementary particles and some of them are manifested during extremely short times.

In the same way, the dynamic substance participates in the constitution of matter that we can measure or weight, also in finite, well-defined and small portions, in a way that has made it not recognized as constituting that ponderable matter. A conspicuous manifestation of the dynamic matter is the photon, of which the property that we know best, is the energy it possesses, whose quantized character suggests that the dynamic substance is constituted of discrete elementary components, which in turn will be assigned the name of dynamic atoms. Of course the photon is not an elementary entity, without components. This suggests its interaction with particles with mass (Compton effect), in which part of itself is exchanged.

It has been asserted, then, that both energy and inertia are properties of the respective kinds of matter, which moves by itself and which tends to rest by itself.

Therefore, in relation to the aforementioned conservation principles and since they are applied, that of energy to a property of the dynamic matter, and that of the mass to the static matter itself, which makes an important difference, must be recognized that the dynamic matter has the same non-created and indestructible character of the energy and that therefore, the principle of conservation must be applied to that, in the same way as it is to the static matter, which is recognized with the name of dough.

The principles of conservation considered, for the subject with energy and the one with inertia, must now be formulated as follows:

Dynamic matter and static matter are not created or destroyed.

These two kinds of matter interact with each other and combine transiently. In their combinations both are preserved and change their mode of manifestation, which generated the idea that they are transformed.

On the other hand, both kinds of matter constitute, respectively, pure material units, of the respective nature, in which they are also conserved.

The idea of ​​transformation of energy and mass during the processes in which they are conserved must now refer to the fact that in the processes of interaction and association between the components of the two kinds of matter, they retain their individuality in terms of their indestructible cacater and the manifestations they give are governed by the respective properties of the participating components.

To the substance that has mass (static matter) and energy (dynamic matter), from which our body is made, and which wounds our senses, is called here, ponderable matter and is a mixture of the two kinds of matter defined, in evolutionary state determined. It can be in any of the states known as solid, liquid, gaseous and ionized.

Electromagnetic radiation is considered to be predominantly dynamic matter.

On the other hand, all the atoms that exist, and that are infinite number, have the property of generating space.

The property of generation of movement is exclusive of the dynamic matter. It generates movement, moving itself and dragging with it that which surrounds it and that can move.

The property of generation of rest is exclusive of the static matter. This generates rest, putting itself at rest and preventing the movement of that which surrounds it and which it can retain.

These last two properties are contradictory to each other and constitute the causal root of the universal contradiction. They do not coexist in the same atom.

Each atom has as attribute or property one or the other of these two properties.

The totality of atoms that exist has the properties of interaction and association between them. The property of interaction occurs between all the atoms and the property of integral interaction occurs only between atoms of the same essence, dynamic or static.

This formulation of the properties of matter emerges from the principles of conservation, inasmuch as matter is uncreated, it has always been as it is today. That is, that their fundamental properties must have the quality of immutable, or as mentioned in the language of Physics, are invariant against time and with respect to transformations of all kinds, in case they are described with respect to a framework reference. On the other hand, in its temporal spatial evolution, its manifestation changes according to the environment, the concrete circumstance in which the atoms are found, and the level of evolutionary integration that has been reached.

The atoms spoken of have not yet been conceived by physicists and therefore have not been discovered either, since at least dynamic matter is not conceived as such.

It is therefore necessary to seek the experimental verification of its existence, and the theoretical description of its behavior.

The spatial property of matter consists in that what is known as space is properly its extension. It is recognized as part of the subject, and is proposed as property of it.

Thus matter has two fundamental properties, the spatial property and the property of general movement, the dynamic matter or the property of generating rest static matter. The minimum component of matter, the atom, not the atom of the chemical element, turns out to be an impenetrable entity at very short distances and penetrable at great distances, is capable of exerting forces away from itself, and of associating with other atoms under certain conditions.

The dynamic and static properties of generating movement or rest, respectively, are the causal root of the essence or nature of the corresponding atoms or of the corresponding matter.

The property of associating consists in the fact that atoms of the same nature can be reunited with each other, by virtue of attractive forces that allow them to form atomic groups that can grow by association of new atoms, which in an orderly manner correspond according to their properties , with those who are already in the group.

In this context, according to Vázquez-Reyna (2008), the subject has the following fundamental properties:

First. It is indestructible, and exists in infinite quantity, for which nothing has not existed, does not exist, and will never exist, and conservation laws are generated. The universal order comes from the immutable character of the properties of the primal components of matter.

Second. Matter is impenetrable at very short distances. It is and has its own space. At large distances, the spaces of the atoms are penetrable, being fields and overlapping, generating the ordinary space, which is, as they say, property of matter, and can not be empty, since it is matter itself.

Third. Matter is composed of atoms. The atomic components of Matter possess energy or inertia, are heterogeneous with each other, and the character of heterogeneity is energetic or inertial, that is why movement and opposition to it are generated, the tendency to rest, universal, and the universal diversity.

Quarter. By virtue of their energy or inertia, the atoms of matter with energy and the atoms of matter with inertia are contradictory between them, they apply forces outside of themselves and therefore they become ponderable. These atoms are components of the atoms, so called, of the chemical elements.

Fifth The atoms are associated with each other by their energy, or by their inertia, that is to say, those of the same essence are integrated among themselves, and by their association, those who move, those of the dynamic essence, generate the universal movement, life, the universal process of evolutionary integration and universal diversity, and those of static essence, which are opposed to life, generate gravity and inertness and try to stop progress by tending to rest, without truce.

Sixth. The existence and way of being of matter do not depend on any Being observing it, that is, it exists by itself and is, and therefore has objective character.

Seventh. It is knowable by itself being an integrated being. And, it reiterates, it generates the knowledge of itself, by itself.

Eighth. Its properties are immanent, that is, they constitute it, and they were not created.

Ninth. Life is property of dynamic matter. This property manifests itself as organic life when a dynamic entity reaches a certain level of evolutionary integration, that of algae, for example, in which the phenomenon of individuation appears for the first time in the history of the process of evolutionary integration. And much later, in due time, consciousness appears in the beings that reached the last level of evolutionary integration, achieved to date.

References.

Vázquez-Reyna, Mario (1998). Reflexiones en torno la materia, la energía y la masa. Anexo B. Cd. de México. ISBN 970-91797-1-3

Vázquez-Reyna, Mario (2008). Teoría general de la Materia. Borrador. Ciudad de México.

[1] In this context, it is very important to mention from the beginning, that the definition of atom that is used is: the atom as the basic and indivisible block that composes the matter of the universe, which was postulated by the atomist school in Ancient Greece, being Democritus one of its exponents; At present, Mario Vázquez Reyna, in his book "Reflections on the matter, energy and mass" (Vázquez-Reyna, 1998), the atom of the Greeks called "Minimum particle."

From the Wikipedia article on Matter:
“In classical physics and general chemistry, matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume. All everyday objects that can be touched are ultimately composed of atoms, which are made up of interacting subatomic particles, and in everyday as well as scientific usage, "matter" generally includes atoms and anything made up of them, and any particles (or combination of particles) that act as if they have both rest mass and volume. However it does not include massless particles such as photons, or other energy phenomena or waves such as light or sound. Matter exists in various states (also known as phases). These include classical everyday phases such as solid, liquid, and gas—for example water exists as ice, liquid water, and gaseous steam—but other states are possible, including plasma, Bose-Einstein condensates, fermionic condensates, and quark–gluon plasma.”

It means to be significant, relevant, to make a difference. Everything does or doesn’t matter relative to some pre-existing context.

I drop an egg after leaving the store. It doesn’t matter. I can afford another.

A very poor person drops one of the two eggs they were able to afford after leaving the store. It matters tremendously to them. It is very significant, relevant to their survival, makes a palpable difference in their life.

If someone “uses the Lord’s name in vain” in my presence, it doesn’t matter. I don’t care. The person behind me is a devout “fire and brimstone” Christian and it is of acute import to him. It is literally the difference in his mind as to whether the speaker is going to hell. It matters.

The definition of “matter” depends on context:

1. In particle physics, fermionic fields such as electrons and quarks are the “matter fields” [1] and bosonic fields such as photons and gluons are not.
2. Also in particle physics, “matter” is contrasted with “antimatter”, mostly in the context of the unsolved problem of why there’s more matter than antimatter in the universe. By convention, 24 of the elementary fermions are considered matter (the electron, muon, tau lepton, their corresponding neutrinos, and the six quarks in three flavours each) while their 24 antiparticles are considered antimatter. Bosons are neither matter nor antimatter.
3. Bulk substances that are made out of fermions are considered matter even though much of their mass is contained in the gluon field. This includes ordinary chemical substances, neutronium, quark-gluon plasma, and so on.
4. In general relativity and cosmology, “matter” is the source of the metric tensor, therefore it includes everything that has energy and momentum, other than the gravitational field itself. Thus, for example, electromagnetic fields are matter, and dark matter is matter even though we don’t know what it’s made of.

[1] There are no massless fermions in the standard model, with the possible exception of at most two types of neutrinos.

Matter in the cosmological sense that is referenced in the question details has a specific technical meaning.

Matter is a fluid which has energy, [math]\rho[/math], density that dominates over its pressure, [math]P[/math]:

[math]\rho c^2 \gg P [/math]

The energy density is dominated by the rest mass energy of the substance and is so enormous that it is hard to contemplate what the necessary pressure to violate it would be. So for water with a density of 1 g/[math]\textrm{cm}^3[/math], you need [math]10^{20}[/math] Pascals.

What isn't matter then? Well it turns out a gas of massless (or highly relativistic) particles like the CMB. This is known as radiation and has [math] P = \frac{1}{3}\times \rho c^2[/math].

Dark energy has been measured to have a pressure that is [math]P = -1\times \rho c^2[/math]. Yes dark energy has negative pressure that is equal (to the best that we've been able to measure) and opposite the energy density.

There are other things like spatial curvature or cosmic strings which also have negative pressure, but [math]P = -\frac{1}{3}\times \rho c^2[/math].

But matter is any substance made out of non-relativistic particles.

Now there is the distinction between ordinary matter and antimatter. Antimatter by this definition is also matter (so long as it's non-relativistic). This is a different question: What is antimatter? Matter versus antimatter is a convention that arises naturally out of a process known as baryogengesis (What is baryogengesis?) which we still don't really understand the details of (What are the leading theories of Baryogenesis? )

Well its already happened. A lot of actresses have worn thongs but the most explicit one similar to the Western ones you are talking about is Poonam Pandey in the 2013 film Nasha.

Well the concept of what is acceptable will always keep changing between different values. At one time, the West was extremely conservative - no clothes above the ankle, no exposed skin or even hair! BUT India was a very liberal with most people in the South and even the colder North, wearing mostly loincloths or thongs and just going about their life. It was not sexual at all, just life. It has been noted by foreign travelers like Marco Polo (who acted like a conservative prick calling the people shameless and what not).

Then the Islamic invasion happened, women were constantly abducted and raped and it became imperative to keep women at home and fully covered to keep them safe. To this day even 10 year old Hindu or non-muslim girls in Pakistan and other nations are not safe. Then the Victorian-era puritanical British colonials came around and the conservatism really got deep. Nudity or even partial nudity became taboo for most people except poor laborers or farmers (male) because they were not even considered people by the Colonials.

Now the West is more liberal, more accepting of nudity (they have a lot of puritanical crackpots there too even now) while India is more conservative, though that is quickly changing. In about 1 or 2 generations (25 to 50 years), nudity or partial nudity in public will be considered normal. A close example would be the East Asian states which followed the same cycle as us. Compared to 40–50 years ago, now they are more or less accepting of full nudity there.

Well then enjoy the picture above! She and Disha Pattani are quite open and beautiful to look at and enjoy.

Energy that fails to travel at light speed because it is interacting with the Higg’s and gluon fields. Matter then causes time and space.

At the beginning of our universe there was light speed energy and there was matter that had rest mass (matter) and thus could not travel at light speed.

When the light speed energy zoomed away from the slower matter it created a temporal dimension we call forward time. We know this is true because the faster you move the slower your time passes until you reach light speed, at which point time stops and does not move forward or backward. The 2 anchor points in time are c (light speed) and matter.

The gap created between the 2 speeds of energy is what we call 3D space.

When you look up to the stars you are looking through the gap between you and light speed energy (our universal constant aka c). You are some slow moving rest mass energy that can never catch up to light. This is why and how new space is expanding everywhere, in all directions, all the time too.

So when we look into space, we are looking through the gap created by fast light speed energy zooming away in all directions from slower energy that has rest mass (planets, you, me, electrons, etc) and can thus never catch up.

Read more (easy read) Time, Space and Gravity

Have your mind totally blown apart.

It isn't true that "everything is matter." Energy, for example, is not matter.

I know, I know, [math]E=mc^2[/math]. This does not say energy is matter. This says one can transform a particular amount of energy ([math]E/c^2[/math]) into a particular amount of matter ([math]m[/math]). Don't get the difference (or don't agree that there's a difference)? By way of analogy, there's a restaurant near me that sells a delicious pizza for $10. It says right there on the menu: 1 pizza = $10.

That does not mean I can take a $10 bill out of my wallet and eat it. It will not be as tasty. It means there's a process that will turn my $10 bill into a pizza. My $10 bill is not food, although it can become food under the right circumstances. In the same way, energy is not matter. It can become matter under the right circumstances.

Okay, so energy isn't matter. But that's not really answering your question: what is matter?

I don't think it's a term with a technical, precise definition. However, I'd say that whatever the definition is, I think having nonzero mass is part of it. After all, we coined the phrase "dark matter" for stuff that we, at least initially, knew nothing about except that it interacts gravitationally.

The following is a proposal that can help you clarify the answer you are looking for.

According to Vázquez-Reyna (2008), the matter has the following fundamental properties:

First. It is indestructible, and exists in infinite quantity, for which nothing has not existed, does not exist, and will never exist, and conservation laws are generated. The universal order comes from the immutable nature of the properties of the original components of matter.

Second. Matter is impenetrable at noticeably short distances. It is and has its own space. At large distances, the spaces of the atoms (elemental particles) are penetrable, being fields and overlapping, generating ordinary space, which is, as they say, a property of matter, and cannot be empty, since it itself is matter.

Third. Matter is made up of atoms (elementary particles). The atomic components of Matter have energy or inertia, they are heterogeneous among themselves, and the character of heterogeneity is energetic or inertial, for this reason movement and opposition to it are generated, the tendency to rest universal, and the global diversity.

Quarter. By virtue of their energy or inertia, the atoms (elemental particles) of matter with energy and the atoms of matter with inertia are contradictory to each other, apply forces outside of themselves and therefore become ponderable. These atoms (elemental particles) are components of the so-called atoms of the chemical elements.

Fifth. Atoms (elemental particles) are associated with each other by their energy, or by their inertia, that is, those of the same essence are integrated with each other, and by their association, those that move, those of the dynamic essence generate universal movement, life, the universal process of evolutionary integration and universal diversity, and those of the static essence, which are opposed to life, generate gravity and inertness and try to stop progress tending to rest, without truce.

Sixth. The existence and way of being of matter do not depend on any Being observing it, that is, it exists by itself and is, and therefore has an objective character.

Seventh. It is knowable by itself being an integrated being. And, it is reiterated, it generates knowledge of itself, by itself.

Eighth. Its properties are immanent to it, that is, they constitute it, and were not created.

Ninth. Life is the property of dynamic matter. This property manifests itself as organic life when a dynamic entity reaches a certain level of evolutionary integration, that of archaea, bacteria, and algae, for example, in which the phenomenon of individuation appears for the first time in the history of the evolutionary integration process. And much later, in time, consciousness appears in beings who have reached the last level of evolutionary integration, achieved to date.

Advanced Metaphysics teaches that Matter is composed of 99,9999% emptiness, therefore, Matter, Energy, Space and Time are an Illusion.

Consciousness creates and manifests itself as Matter, Energy, Space and Time.

Therefore, Matter, Energy, Space and Time cannot exist without Consciousness and vice versa.

In other words, for an Atom to exist, you need Consciousness, Matter, Energy, Space and Time (The Five Elements).

Consciousness can only exist in this particular Physical Reality if it manifests itself as something, such as a Atom or Cell or Object, etc.

If Consciousness wouldn’t manifest itself as an Object it would disappear from this particular Physical Reality as well as its Form (Matter, Energy, Space and Time).

Thus, Consciousness manifests itself in the Form of anything and everything.

An this is certainly the biggest Mystery of this Universe!

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Matter, at its very basic level, consists of nothing but quarks and electron neutrinos. The electron neutrinos are the extremely pressurized ocean of dark matter that space is made of. A black hole is an example of the combination of both and nothing else. They contain no atoms, electrons, neutrons, or anything else that scientists can actually study. This is why black holes have remained unexplained. Because of current theories, they have been misidentified because of the need for the theories to make stars and black holes out of nothing but matter and gravity. This is why the electron neutrinos are ignored and why dark matter remains unexplained.

Our moon is an example of our universe finishing its process of creating potential energy while a black hole is an example of the very beginning of the kinetic life of matter. Our moon is maximum entropy matter and a black hole is an example of minimum entropy matter. Every celestial object we see is an example of the process between the two and, yes, that includes our planet itself. Our planet began its life as a mass of quark plasma.

The big bang created the galaxies 13.8 billion years ago when it used the pressure and friction from a massive collision in space to transform two maximum entropy objects like our moon into minimum entropy matter like a black hole. This exact process has been carried out countless times in particle colliders when two atoms are collided to create quark plasma. The galaxies are simply shrapnel of quark plasma just like the shrapnel in the colliders. The only difference is the size of the masses involved.

The basic ingredients of a black hole begin to form potential energy on the surface of the mass first. The quarks and electron neutrinos eventually fuse to form the first neutrons the mass will ever possess. This turns the black hole into a neutron star although the mass is still predominantly a black hole. Neutrons naturally break down into hydrogen atoms and that is what happens on the surface next. At that point, the constantly forming neutrons fuse with the hydrogen atoms to form the first helium atoms using the beta minus decay reaction. This process continues creating heavier and heavier elements making the star darker and darker until a crust forms and the light is extinguished. The atmosphere is then allowed to develop since the surface is now protected from the quark plasma energy below.

The quark plasma at the center gives the endless energy needed to perform all of these nuclear reactions. Fusion is carried out on the surface and has nothing to do with the energy production of the mass at all except that it creates potential energy. The quark plasma core continues to get enveloped by the thickening crust until it is snuffed out by the normal matter it is creating. That is the end of the kinetic energy of the object as it is turned into potential energy.

It is up to our universe to decide how it will create another “Big Bang" to reverse the process again. Our universe has an infinite amount of time to figure it out.

There are likely almost limitless various answers to that question. Firstly, it is often the case that many of the things that matter to one particular person don’t matter to the next particular person. For example, I'd be happy to have my steak well done or rare or anything in between whilst my partner will not eat any steak that's not well done. So what doesn't matter to me matters to my partner. The steak example is a subjective kind of ’what matters’, as it comes down to personal taste and/or opinion.
So is there an objective kind of ’what matters’? I think so. Examples might be: it matters that I don't smoke and that I live a healthy lifestyle in order to reduce my risk of lung cancer. This objective kind of what matters is supported by a lot of reputable statistics, that's why it's objective. Another example: a well-maintained motor car and a competent unimpaired driver matters a lot to safe motoring: again this is supported by a lot of reputable statistics, and that is why it objectively applies generally. Whilst there may be those who wish to challenge that a well-maintained motor car with an unimpaired competent driver matters to safety; the statistics that support that it does matter can easily be cited to support the soundness of the proposition.
In summary: there are two kinds of ’what matters’. Objective and subjective.

Matter is what exists and constitutes in a real and objective way the bodies that generate the incommensurable space.

According to Vázquez-Reyna (2008), the matter has the following fundamental properties:

First. It is indestructible, and exists in infinite quantity, for which nothing has not existed, does not exist, and will never exist, and conservation laws are generated. The universal order comes from the immutable nature of the properties of the original components of matter.

Second. Matter is impenetrable at noticeably short distances. It is and has its own space. At large distances, the spaces of the atoms (elemental particles) are penetrable, being fields and overlapping, generating ordinary space, which is, as they say, a property of matter, and cannot be empty, since it itself is matter.

Third. Matter is made up of atoms (elementary particles). The atomic components of Matter have energy or inertia, they are heterogeneous among themselves, and the character of heterogeneity is energetic or inertial, for this reason movement and opposition to it are generated, the tendency to rest universal, and the global diversity.

Quarter. By virtue of their energy or inertia, the atoms (elemental particles) of matter with energy and the atoms of matter with inertia are contradictory to each other, apply forces outside of themselves and therefore become ponderable. These atoms (elemental particles) are components of the so-called atoms of the chemical elements.

Fifth. Atoms (elemental particles) are associated with each other by their energy, or by their inertia, that is, those of the same essence are integrated with each other, and by their association, those that move, those of the dynamic essence generate universal movement, life, the universal process of evolutionary integration and universal diversity, and those of the static essence, which are opposed to life, generate gravity and inertness and try to stop progress tending to rest, without truce.

Sixth. The existence and way of being of matter do not depend on any Being observing it, that is, it exists by itself and is, and therefore has an objective character.

Seventh. It is knowable by itself being an integrated being. And, it is reiterated, it generates knowledge of itself, by itself.

Eighth. Its properties are immanent to it, that is, they constitute it, and were not created.

Ninth. Life is the property of dynamic matter. This property manifests itself as organic life when a dynamic entity reaches a certain level of evolutionary integration, that of archaea, bacteria, and algae, for example, in which the phenomenon of individuation appears for the first time in the history of the evolutionary integration process. And much later, in time, consciousness appears in beings who have reached the last level of evolutionary integration, achieved to date.

The name derives from a component of this matter, the “strange quark”.

Regular matter is composed of an atom core, made out of protons and neutrons, and some electrons around it. The protons and neutrons are combines particles, made from up- and down-quarks. We can create four more quarks in particle accelerators: charm- and strange-, and top- and bottom-quarks. These quarks decay instantly in our particle colliders.

Now there are theories that under certain conditions matter that contains strange quarks could be stable. In a particle accelerator we mostly create doublets: a strange and an anti-strange quark. But protons and neutrons are triplets of three quarks. So it is possible that some quark combinations are stable. For example a free neutron decays, but in an atom it is stable. Yet, the theory I was referring to is about matter in the inside of a neutron stars. We will never get there to test :-)

Matter is called what exists and constitutes in a real and objective way the bodies that generate immeasurable space.

Vázquez-Reyna (2008), the subject has the following fundamental properties:

First. It is indestructible, and exists in infinite quantity, for which nothing has not existed, does not exist, and will never exist, and conservation laws are generated. The universal order comes from the immutable character of the properties of the primal components of matter.

Second. Matter is impenetrable at very short distances. It is and has its own space. At large distances, the spaces of the atoms are penetrable, being fields and overlapping, generating the ordinary space, which is, as they say, property of matter, and can not be empty, since it is matter itself.

Third. Matter is composed of atoms. The atomic components of Matter possess energy or inertia, are heterogeneous with each other, and the character of heterogeneity is energetic or inertial, that is why movement and opposition to it are generated, the tendency to rest, universal, and the universal diversity.

Quarter. By virtue of their energy or inertia, the atoms of matter with energy and the atoms of matter with inertia are contradictory between them, they apply forces outside of themselves and therefore they become ponderable. These atoms are components of the atoms, so called, of the chemical elements.

Fifth The atoms are associated with each other by their energy, or by their inertia, that is to say, those of the same essence are integrated among themselves, and by their association, those who move, those of the dynamic essence, generate the universal movement, life, the universal process of evolutionary integration and universal diversity, and those of the static essence, which oppose life, generate gravity and inertness and try to stop progress by tending to rest, without truce.

Sixth. The existence and way of being of matter do not depend on any Being observing it, that is, it exists by itself and is, and therefore has objective character.

Seventh. It is knowable by itself being an integrated being. And, it reiterates, it generates the knowledge of itself, by itself.

Eighth. Its properties are immanent, that is, they constitute it, and they were not created.

Ninth. Life is property of dynamic matter. This property manifests itself as organic life when a dynamic entity reaches a certain level of evolutionary integration, that of algae, for example, in which the phenomenon of individuation appears for the first time in the history of the process of evolutionary integration. And much later, in due time, consciousness appears in the beings that reached the last level of evolutionary integration, achieved to date.

1. The first references to the concept of the atom go back to ancient India in the sixteenth century BC. The Nyaya and Vaisheshika, which are the schools of thought of India, developed and elaborated theories of how atoms combine to give rise to to more complex objects, first in pairs and in trios of pairs. References to atoms in the west emerged a century later in the Greece of Leucippus who was a student, Democritus, systematized his views. In about 450 BC, Democritus defined what the atom is for the Western world, he thought it was a basic piece of matter that could not be further subdivided. That idea would be unchanged and would not have an answer for the next two millennia. The point of view of the atom derives from the observation of sparks generated when amber was rubbed with wool. The spark was seen as a kind of fluid that flowed between the two objects. Democritus philosophized about the nature of the division with respect to its last unit. The following significant advance was not made until in 1773 when it was postulated that: "Matter is not created or destroyed, it simply transforms"