These are various terms used in the Indian Real Estate market to denote the area being bought/sold. Though not clearly demarcated in any statute or book, the distinction between these 3 is important because rate of property is calculated per square foot, so you must know per square foot what? (carpet area, BUA or SBA)

Carpet Area is the area enclosed within the walls of the house, office, retail space etc. It is the usable area available to the occupant and includes staircase/s within the unit.

Built-up Area (BUA) includes carpet area plus thickness of walls, area of balconies, terraces or lawns etc. It includes all area belonging solely to one particular unit.

Super Built-Up (SBA) area includes BUA plus proportionate area of common spaces like lobbies, lifts, shafts, clubs etc.

There is another term called Covered Area which includes all area falling under the roof of the building. It may sometimes include balconies, sometimes may not. This term is more relevant from an architectural point of view.

You may want to read this for more clarity: Page on Urbanindia